Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder, also known as Anankastic personality disorder, is characterized by a general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, and excessive orderliness. Individuals diagnosed with OCPD must display at least four of the eight symptoms commonly associated with the illness. These symptoms include: preoccupation with details (so much so that the major point of the activity is lost), perfectionism interfering with task completion, excessive devotion to productivity and exclusion of leisure activities, inflexibility in regards to morals, values and ethics, inability to discard worthless objects, reluctance to delegate tasks, reluctance to spend money, and overall rigidity and stubbornness. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to have difficulty in establishing and sustaining close relationships of any kind. Those living with OCPD are likely to become upset or angry in situations in which they are not able to maintain control of their physical or interpersonal environment. This anger is not always expressed outwardly, and can just as frequently be handled in a more passive-aggressive manner. Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder is approximately twice as prevalent in males as in females, and occurs in about 2.1% to 7.9% of the general population. Although there are many theories as to what causes OCPD, researchers have yet to identify a single outlying cause. Professionals speculate on the consistency of three likely coinciding factors: biological and genetic factors, social factors and psychological factors. Like most personality disorders, OCPD typically responds to a combination of long-term psychiatric treatment and prescription medication. In rare cases, hospitalization may be needed if an extreme or severe stressor or stressful life event occurs.
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