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Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) are bodies of water and substrate required for fish spawning, breeding, feeding, and a place they can grow to maturity. Bodies of water (freshwater, estuaries and saltwater systems) that fishes use as habitat have physical, chemical, and biological components and also include historical aquatic environments that fish have always used.[1]
Important essential fish habitat characteristics include sediment type, type of bottoms (sand, silly and clay), structures underlying the water surface, and aquatic community structures. These habitats and environments are essential for fish and a fisheries health in an ecosystem. Sediment in relation to essential fish habitat is a place where essential habitat begins; primaryproductivity takes place here because benthic photosynthetic algae provide food, nutrients and help stabilize the sediment from erosion in aquatic environments. Erosion is also stabilized by the size of the grain size (sand, silt and clay). There are two main types of bottoms, hard and soft.
Natural Habitats of Birds
Different species of birds suit different types of natural habitat. Although there is much overlap in the resources that different habitats provide (e.g. insect food), some habitats are rich in certain resources. For example, heathlands are often rich in plant species belonging to the family Proteaceae, which tend to have bird-pollinated flowers that are rich in nectar. Heathlands are therefore good places to see honeyeaters. Plants of rainforests often produce fleshy fruits and berries. Rainforests are therefore good places to find fruit-eating pigeons.
Some bird habitats
Heathland
Heathlands usually occur on infertile soils. Around Sydney, they are primarily found near the coast where they are subject to wind and salt spray. Heathlands do not support tall trees: most heathland plants are less than two metres tall. Heathlands are very dense habitats and because most heathland plants are hard-leaved, they form a