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opinion essay outline
Coffee is enjoyed by millions of people around the world every day. This website is a science-based resource developed for health care and other professional audiences and provides the latest information and research into coffee, caffeine and health.

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Cardiovascular health
Cancer
Fluid balance
Gallstones
Liver function
Summary
Liver function in Europe
Coffee consumption and liver function
Potential mechanisms
Conclusion
References
Downloadable PDF
Mental performance
Neurodegenerative disorders
Pregnancy
Sports performance
Type 2 diabetes

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Liver function

Summary
Epidemiological evidence suggests that moderate coffee consumption may help to reduce the risk of liver cancer, and the risk falls as coffee consumption rises.
Epidemiological studies in patients with various liver diseases have all found a positive effect of moderate coffee drinking on limiting disease progression.
Patients with alcoholic liver disease who have a higher coffee consumption have a slower rate of fibrosis* than those who drink less coffee.
Caffeine consumption is related to less severe fibrosis in patients scheduled for liver biopsy.
Coffee consumption is related to slower development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease.
Patients with Hepatitis C-related liver disease, who have a higher consumption of coffee, have a lower rate of disease progression than those drinking less coffee.
However, patient studies should be interpreted with caution as there are many confounders which can bias results, e.g. small subject numbers and patients changing their habits or diet as a result of their disease.
Several mechanisms underlying the association between moderate coffee consumption and reduced risk of liver cancer and disease progression are under investigation.
One of the breakdown products of caffeine, paraxanthine, has been shown to

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