Optical Fiber
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION
Zafar
Yasin
OUTLINE
- Introduction about Optical Fibers.
Main Characteristics of Fiber Optics Communication System. Light propagation in an Optical Fiber. Mode Analysis for Single Mode Fiber. Mode Analysis for Multimode Fibers. Surface Plasmon Resonance. Optical Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors.
Fibre Optic?
Dielectric waveguide of cylindrical geometry with core and cladding of suitable material. refractive index of core > refractive index of cladding
Main Motivation
To meet demand of increase in the telecommunication data transmission. cladding
Physical Principle
Total internal reflection (critical angle, using Snell’s law).
input light core output light
Main Advantages
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Higher bandwidth (extremely high data transfer rate). Less signal degradation. Less costly per meter. Lighter and thinner then copper wire. Lower transmitter launching power. Less susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Flexible use in mechanical and medical imaging systems.
Source
Transmitter
Receiver
Detector
Main Applications
Telecommunications. Sensors. Fiber Lasers. Bio-medical. Automotive and many other industories.
Output
Fibre Optics Material Choice?
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H.H.Hopkins and N.S.Kapnay in 1950’s used cladding fiber: Good image properties demonstrated for 75 cm long fiber
[Nature 173, 39 (1954)].
(Nobel Prize 2009)
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Application found use in medicine as gastroscopes, endoscopes etc. Advent of Laser in 1960’s , but didn’t work for optical communication due to attenuation problem!. In 1964 critical theoretical suggestion by, Charles K. Kao and Charles Hockam : For long range communication system the loss limit was set to 20 dB/Km (was ~ 1000 db/Km or higher at that time!). Pure form of Silica, by reducing impurities i.e., the optical losses were not due to glass itself, but impurities in it.
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Zafar
Yasin
OUTLINE
- Introduction about Optical Fibers.
Main Characteristics of Fiber Optics Communication System. Light propagation in an Optical Fiber. Mode Analysis for Single Mode Fiber. Mode Analysis for Multimode Fibers. Surface Plasmon Resonance. Optical Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors.
Fibre Optic?
Dielectric waveguide of cylindrical geometry with core and cladding of suitable material. refractive index of core > refractive index of cladding
Main Motivation
To meet demand of increase in the telecommunication data transmission. cladding
Physical Principle
Total internal reflection (critical angle, using Snell’s law).
input light core output light
Main Advantages
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Higher bandwidth (extremely high data transfer rate). Less signal degradation. Less costly per meter. Lighter and thinner then copper wire. Lower transmitter launching power. Less susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Flexible use in mechanical and medical imaging systems.
Source
Transmitter
Receiver
Detector
Main Applications
Telecommunications. Sensors. Fiber Lasers. Bio-medical. Automotive and many other industories.
Output
Fibre Optics Material Choice?
-
H.H.Hopkins and N.S.Kapnay in 1950’s used cladding fiber: Good image properties demonstrated for 75 cm long fiber
[Nature 173, 39 (1954)].
(Nobel Prize 2009)
-
Application found use in medicine as gastroscopes, endoscopes etc. Advent of Laser in 1960’s , but didn’t work for optical communication due to attenuation problem!. In 1964 critical theoretical suggestion by, Charles K. Kao and Charles Hockam : For long range communication system the loss limit was set to 20 dB/Km (was ~ 1000 db/Km or higher at that time!). Pure form of Silica, by reducing impurities i.e., the optical losses were not due to glass itself, but impurities in it.
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