Othello: Characters Bring About Their Own Demise.

As in almost all tragedies, especially those of William Shakespeare, the tragic hero always runs into misfortune. The play Othello is no exception. In this play, every character acquainted with the tragic hero appears to be unfortunate. While these misfortunes are oddly related to Othello, are they his fault or did each character attract them out of their own actions? To answer this daunting question, one must consider the three most unfortunate characters: Othello, Desdamona and Roderigo and analyse their downfall which eventually lead to their deaths. It is known from reading the play that Iago is the one who manipulates all three of them. Examinations of their connection with him before their deaths are necessary to answer this question. After scrutinizing those three characters it is apparent that all of the characters who experience misfortune in Othello bring it on themselves. The protagonist and tragic hero of this play is Othello, the moor of Venice. From the beginning of the play, Othello's actions or assumed actions have influenced, either directly or indirectly, his fate. In the first scene, we learn that Othello has promoted Cassio to be his new Lieutenant rather than the seemingly fit Iago, much to Iago's disdain, "I have already chose my officer./ And what was he?/ Forsooth, a great arithmetician,/ One Michael Cassio, a Florentine."(I, i, ll.18-21). This is one of Othello's first actions in the play and also one of the most influential to his fate. Iago henceforth dedicates himself to ruining Othello's life. While Iago's actions are questionable even under circumstances such as not being promoted, he decides that he must do all he can to achieve his goal. Iago lacks motivation for his morbid actions, which is possibly why he is known as one of the most villainous antagonists in any of Shakespeare's work. Othello is also believed to have slept with Emilia, according to Iago. This is an accusation which is utterly fraudulent but believed to be accurate by Iago when he says, "It is thought abroad that 'twixt my sheets / He has done my office" (I, iii, ll.369–370). This supposed action of Othello is another provocation and reason for his downfall. The third and chief action of Othello applies not only to the tragic hero, but almost every other character in the play. Othello's tendency to trust Iago ultimately leads to his downfall more so than any other cause. If he hadn't trusted Iago, or had merely been sceptical of Iago's information or intent, the outcome would have been outrageously different. Before speaking with Iago about Desdamona and her supposed infidelity to her husband, Othello was happy and trusted and loved Desdamona. Upon planting a seed of doubt in Othello's mind, Iago was able to manipulated Othello and the other characters to frame Desdamona's affair with Cassio. If Othello hadn't been such a poor judge of character and even investigated a minute amount into the matter instead of sending Iago to do it, he would have caught Iago for the villain he was. Of course, Iago was confident from the moment the play started that Othello would trust him to the end of the earth, so Othello was fair game for deceit and coercion. Desdamona is another pawn in Iago's plan to ruin Othello's life. Her independent nature is a quality that leads to indirect manipulation from Iago. She did not agree with Cassio's dismissal and Iago uses that her exhibit of independence as reason to get Cassio and Desdamona talking and make Othello worry. Othello of course sees this as an act of infidelity after a few visits from Iago. This independence is also mirrored when Othello confronts her about her infidelity, she abjures it and this only makes Othello furious and more dubious. Othello hits her and she tries to defend her character by saying, "I have not deserved this" (IV, I, 36). Contrasting her independence is her somewhat less apparent submissiveness. This is brutally evident in the final scene of the play when Desdamona is killed by Othello. Instead of screaming for help or resisting, she submits to asphyxiation begging for mercy. Once Emilia enters the room, she then forswears Othello's involvement and says the killer was, "Nobody, I myself. Farewell. / Commend me to my kind lord. O, farewell" (V, ii, ll.133–134). Perhaps a less degree of submissiveness would have saved her life. Her moralities and character were always under attack from early on in scene 3 and if she had stood up for herself more than she did, she might have been able to save herself. Even so, Desdamona's character and moralities were flawless in comparison to the third tragic character in Othello. Roderigo is a character that the audience wanted to commiserate with. From the beginning of the play, nothing was going right. He had lost his potential bride, Desdamona, he was poor from paying Iago to help him woo her, "Tush, never tell me! I take it much unkindly / That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse / As if the strings were thine, shouldst know of this" (I, i, ll.1-3), and he is absolutely miserable. Like Othello, his main downfall was misplaced trust. He had been trusting Iago long before the play had begun and when it does start, he's poor, miserable, and Desdamona is no longer single. This is a major lead to his downfall. Secondly, it is obvious that Roderigo is desperate. He confides in Iago about his torment and says things like, "What should I do? I confess it is my shame / to be so fond, but it is not in my virtue to amend it."(I, iii, ll.320-321). He is desperate enough to agree to assist Iago in killing Cassio, as he may be a potential rival for Desdamona's love. This action directly leads to his death as his attack on Cassio is parried and Iago kills Roderigo after he fails to complete his assignment. This plays off two of Roderigo's flaws: his misplaced trust in Iago and his desperation to win Desdamona's hand. The former is the direct cause but the latter is the fuel behind his attack on Cassio. As in almost all tragedies, especially those of William Shakespeare, the tragic hero always runs into misfortune. The play Othello is no exception. Othello, Desdamona and Roderigo place trust in Iago which eventually lead to their deaths. It is known from reading the play that Iago is the one who manipulates all three of them. After scrutinizing those three things it is apparent that all of the characters who experience misfortune in Othello bring it on themselves with a great deal of help from Iago. Each character had a controllable tragic flaw which was manipulated by Iago. Their inability to judge Iago's character and trust the other characters in the play eventually lead to their downfall.