Spohn, C., Kim, B., Belenko, S., & Brennan, P. (2014). The direct and indirect effects of offender drug use on federal sentencing outcomes. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 30(3), 549-576. doi:10.1007/s10940-014-9214-9…
Therefore, prison populations are comprised of offenders who have committed nonviolent drug offenses, and are predominantly minority – though the majority of drug users are white. Policies designed to be “tough on crime” have caused a departure from the paradigm of…
Stern’s (2006) book, “Creating Criminals: Prisons and People in a Market Society”, gives us the black and white truth about important topics that are not usually talked about in the media, nor acknowledged by most in American society. The author explains that she is in no way defending criminals with her literature, rather researching and informing society about the ineffectiveness of the criminal justice system and the market society. She argues that many policies go in favor towards those who have money, leaving people who don’t have money behind, which ultimately leads to creating criminals. She explains the dangers of overcrowded prisons, who are the people more likely to be imprisoned, and the role of a market society within…
There are many programs in the criminal justice system that is geared to helping the prisoners while they do their time. One of them is the drug treatment program, this program according to the Federal Bureau of Prison is suppose to provide inmates with drug treatment prior to reentry into society(Peters, R. 1993 ). As drugs are linked to crime most criminals are being incarceration. There are only about half of state correctional facilities that provide substance abuse treatment to its inmates (Peters,…
The rationale that the author presents for reducing the sentences of drug offenders is the racist delineation correlating to the 100:1 cracked cocaine violations. The author delineates the 100:1 punishments are divisive and racially fractured. Two additional data points delineated by Harvey Gee are housing costs correlated to offenders and faulty science.…
In 1996, 59.6% of prisoners were drug-related criminals. U.S. population grew by about +25% from 1980 to 2000. In that same 20 year time period, U.S. prison population tripled. To make room in prison for incoming drug users and dealers, all inmates, including violent criminals are having their sentences shortened or are being paroled early” (Drug Laws). As one can see the use of drugs among Americans is shortening the sentences of violent criminals to make room for drug users and dealers. This matter will decrease if we begin to intervene in the home, next, the schools, and last but not least the individual…
Prisons are already filled beyond maximum capacity, and we continue to keep incarcerating more people. What can be done to end the problem of prison overcrowding and maintain the safety of the public? I chose this topic because I wanted to shine a light on what I consider to be an injustice. I believe that the criminal justice system needs a complete overhaul. When I chose this topic, I wasn’t fully aware of the mandatory sentencing guidelines or how harsh they were. I always believed that judges had more leeway in deciding sentencing. Originally, I hadn’t even considered the possibility of criminal corporal punishment, because I believed it was cruel and something that other less civilized countries would do, not America. I believe that the prison overcrowding problem can be resolved by changing our laws regarding nonviolent offenders, abolishing the mandatory sentencing guidelines and using alternative solutions that do not involve incarceration.…
From the mid-1980s drug offenses increased primarily due to the pressure put on by the war on drugs (Neubauer & Fradella, 2014). This has contributed to overcrowding of prisons across America. In order to ease the overcrowding in prisons, rehabilitation through court sentenced drug treatment programs is a practical and economical alternative. Assigning offenders to applicable drug treatment programs would decrease overcrowding caused by drug offenses, lower recidivism rates, and provide savings for the criminal justice system.…
The abuse of drugs by incarcerated peoples is a rapidly growing issue among all nations. The goal of prison is to reform and rehabilitate former criminals, however this goal cannot be accomplished if more and more prisoners are abusing controlled substances. It is estimated that over 80% of prisoners abuse a controlled substance, and over 65% of prisoners are clinically addicted. Because these numbers are based on reported cases, the actual percentage are likely much higher. These statistics reflect a dire situation that must be addressed.…
One must wonder if the "war on drugs" helps or hinders our American Criminal Justice System when you look at the overwhelming impact it has had on crowding issues within our prisons. At the present time there are over 1.5 million people in prison, 59.6 % for drug offenses alone.…
Increased penalties and incarceration are the main solutions of crime prevention for advocates who believe that drugs should be prohibited. Two main reasons for this are its deterrent effects and social harm factors (Levitt, 1996, Weatherburn, 2014). Levitt (1996), at the height of rapidly increasing speeds of incarceration writes that increased prison population is a threat to deter people from engaging in criminal acts due to an increased threat of imprisonment. Also, incapacitation will be a benefit to society as criminals are unable to commit crimes while incarcerated (1996). His study argues that for each prisoner released as a result of prison overcrowding, it is associated with an increase of fifteen crimes per year (1996). Conversely,…
Following the start of Nixon’s drug war the incarceration rate has increased up to 700% in 2005, according to Pew researchers. "After a 700-percent increase in the US prison population between 1970 and 2005, you'd think the nation would finally have run out of lawbreakers to put behind bars," said the report by Pew's Public Safety Performance Project. But apparently we haven’t yet. In 2009 alone, 1.66 million Americans were arrested on drug charges, more than were arrested on assault or larceny charges. And 4 of 5 of those arrests were simply for possession.…
The War on Drugs era has resulted in a huge growth in incarceration for drug offenses. In 1980, about 40,900 people were put in jail for drug offenses and today that number has grown to about…
In 1973 approximately 300,000 people were incarcerated today more than 2.3 million are imprisoned. The vast majority of that huge increase of imprisonment is due to the War on Drug. About 2/3 of the increase in the federal prison population is due to drug offenses. For state prisons 50% of the increase is due to drug offenses. Most of the war on drugs has been waged in poor African-American communities. Although studies show that people of all colors use and sell illegal drugs at about the same rate African-Americans have been explicitly targeted and arrested. Some studies even suggest that white youth are significantly more likely to deal in illegal drugs. This is supported by the fact that White youth have about 3 times more drug-related visits to the emergency…
The American prison system is an incredibly expensive part of our economy, with incarceration costs going up each year. A 2014 data collection of state correctional expenditures estimated that the economic costs of administering overcrowded prison systems are over 48 billion dollars each year (Kyckelhahn 2014). This money is coming from American taxpayer dollars and goes towards all of the prison staff wages, electricity, water, food, security, and more. By reducing the number of prisoners incarcerated, the cost of prison administration would also go down. Despite all of the money being spent on prisons in our nation, there is no evidentiary support to show that incarceration actually prevents crime. In fact it is thought to be the opposite.…