Oxidation of Alcohol
Lab 5
Oxidation of an alcohol
CHM2123
Introduction:
Oxidation is a key reaction in organic chemistry. Oxidation of an alcohol can produce aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids. One of the methods of oxidation is an aldol reaction through carbon-carbon bonds. The oxidation oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols oxidizes ketones.
Tertiary alcohols are converted to the common oxidizing agents.
Scheme 5.1:
Aldehydes can be oxidized easily to carboxylic acids in aqueous medias and could cause over-oxidization because there is an extra hydrogen adjacent to the aldehyde. Though over-oxidization of carbonyls is possible with aldehydes, it is not possible with ketones. Ketones lack the easily removed hydrogen that is adjacent to the carbonyl. The goal of this experiment is to carry an oxidization of diphenylmethanol with a solid oxidant of KMnO4 and CuSO4.
Scheme 5.5:
KMnO4 is the oxidant in this reaction that oxidizes the alcohol to the ketone. The CuSO 4 is there to support the KMnO4. The oxidant reacts with the secondary alcohol which forms benzophenone and
MnO2. Then the melting point of the hexanes will be identified. The reactant is a secondary alcohol therefore there would be no over-oxidization. The purity of the benzophenone by recrystallization will be analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. Two TLCs is done in this experiment. The first TLC plate is just to monitor the progress of the reaction. The second TLC is to monitor the progress of the recrystallization.
In the second part of the experiment, the goal is to determine which test tubes with unknown A and B contains glucose or sucrose. Benedict 's test is a way to determine the presence of aldehydes in a compound. The benedict 's solution contains copper (II) sulfate and citrate which together can form a complex. This complex acts as an oxidant to oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids. The copper (II) sulfate is reduced and precipitate out. This causes a change in
Oxidation of an alcohol
CHM2123
Introduction:
Oxidation is a key reaction in organic chemistry. Oxidation of an alcohol can produce aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids. One of the methods of oxidation is an aldol reaction through carbon-carbon bonds. The oxidation oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols oxidizes ketones.
Tertiary alcohols are converted to the common oxidizing agents.
Scheme 5.1:
Aldehydes can be oxidized easily to carboxylic acids in aqueous medias and could cause over-oxidization because there is an extra hydrogen adjacent to the aldehyde. Though over-oxidization of carbonyls is possible with aldehydes, it is not possible with ketones. Ketones lack the easily removed hydrogen that is adjacent to the carbonyl. The goal of this experiment is to carry an oxidization of diphenylmethanol with a solid oxidant of KMnO4 and CuSO4.
Scheme 5.5:
KMnO4 is the oxidant in this reaction that oxidizes the alcohol to the ketone. The CuSO 4 is there to support the KMnO4. The oxidant reacts with the secondary alcohol which forms benzophenone and
MnO2. Then the melting point of the hexanes will be identified. The reactant is a secondary alcohol therefore there would be no over-oxidization. The purity of the benzophenone by recrystallization will be analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. Two TLCs is done in this experiment. The first TLC plate is just to monitor the progress of the reaction. The second TLC is to monitor the progress of the recrystallization.
In the second part of the experiment, the goal is to determine which test tubes with unknown A and B contains glucose or sucrose. Benedict 's test is a way to determine the presence of aldehydes in a compound. The benedict 's solution contains copper (II) sulfate and citrate which together can form a complex. This complex acts as an oxidant to oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids. The copper (II) sulfate is reduced and precipitate out. This causes a change in