Paleolithic vs. Neolithic
* Civilization
Features of civilization: * government * jobs * art/arcitecture * laws * religion * cities * WRITING (very important) * social classes * technology
At this time, all governments are monarchies. The king usually had divine and unquestionable power until the area over which he rules starts failing. Then people rebel.
The earliest writing is in pictures, mostly caligraphy and such. The first to develop writing is most likely the Sumerians, with the invention of the Cunieform. Later, the Phoenicians created an alphabet.
Social classes were first based on contribution to the society, and later based on wealth.
At first, copper weapons existed. Later, the discovery of bronze, then iron gradually replaced these.
Mesopotamia: Found along the Tigris & Euphrates rivers, the first to inhabit this land were the Sumerians. The Sumerians were the first to create irrigation systems, and spoke the Semetic language. They are the ones who invented the cunieform. Sumer was grouped into many city-states, which weakened Sumer to invasions, since not all of Sumer was a united front. The Akkadians, taking advantage of that, conquered Sumer, but continued most of their traditions. After a period of time, all of Sumer (or Akkadia) was united, with the city Babylon as the center capital. The area, now known as Babylonia, was ruled by a single king. This is when King Hammurabi decided to write the Hammurabi Laws. Later, the Assyrians, known for their brutality, came and conquered Mesopotamia.
Egypt: Found along the Nile River, the Egyptians were the first to inhabit this area. The Egyptians had three kingdoms, or times of reign. In the old kingdom, most, if not all, of the pyramids were built, but later was found that it was too time consuming and costly. The middle kingdom is known for wars. This kingdom was marked by horrible/corrupt pharoahs, which lead to many conflicts. The last kingdom, known as
Features of civilization: * government * jobs * art/arcitecture * laws * religion * cities * WRITING (very important) * social classes * technology
At this time, all governments are monarchies. The king usually had divine and unquestionable power until the area over which he rules starts failing. Then people rebel.
The earliest writing is in pictures, mostly caligraphy and such. The first to develop writing is most likely the Sumerians, with the invention of the Cunieform. Later, the Phoenicians created an alphabet.
Social classes were first based on contribution to the society, and later based on wealth.
At first, copper weapons existed. Later, the discovery of bronze, then iron gradually replaced these.
Mesopotamia: Found along the Tigris & Euphrates rivers, the first to inhabit this land were the Sumerians. The Sumerians were the first to create irrigation systems, and spoke the Semetic language. They are the ones who invented the cunieform. Sumer was grouped into many city-states, which weakened Sumer to invasions, since not all of Sumer was a united front. The Akkadians, taking advantage of that, conquered Sumer, but continued most of their traditions. After a period of time, all of Sumer (or Akkadia) was united, with the city Babylon as the center capital. The area, now known as Babylonia, was ruled by a single king. This is when King Hammurabi decided to write the Hammurabi Laws. Later, the Assyrians, known for their brutality, came and conquered Mesopotamia.
Egypt: Found along the Nile River, the Egyptians were the first to inhabit this area. The Egyptians had three kingdoms, or times of reign. In the old kingdom, most, if not all, of the pyramids were built, but later was found that it was too time consuming and costly. The middle kingdom is known for wars. This kingdom was marked by horrible/corrupt pharoahs, which lead to many conflicts. The last kingdom, known as