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palliative care
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Introduction
The World Health Organization (2003)[1] defines palliative care as:
“An approach that improves the quality of life of individuals and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual”.
WHO (2003) further states that palliative care:
• provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms;
• affirms life and regards dying as a normal process;
• intends neither to hasten nor postpone death;
• integrates the psychological and spiritual aspects of patient care;
• offers a support system to help patients live as actively as possible until death;
• offers a support system to help the family cope during the patient’s illness and in their own bereavement;
• uses a team approach to address the needs of patients and their families, including



References: 1. World Health Organization. (2003). WHO definition of palliative care. Retrieved August11, 2003, from World Health Organization Web site: http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en/print.html 2 3. Palliative Care Council of South Australia. (1996). Good palliative care project: final report. Retrieved September 4, 2002, from Palliative Care Council of South Australia Inc. Web site: http://www.pallcare.asn.au/good-ndx.htm 4 5.Palliative Care Australia. (2002). Palliative care — service provision in Australia: a planning guide (1999). End-of-life decision-making in the hospital: current practice and future prospects. 7.Ramanathan, S. & Dunn, P. (1998). Terminal illness in rural Aboriginal communities. Aboriginal & Islander Health Worker Journal, 22, (5), 23–26. 8. Ashburn, M. A. & Staats, P. S. (1999). Management of chronic pain. Lancet, 353, (9167), 1865–1869. 9. Hassed, C. (1999). Cancer and chronic pain. Australian Family Physician, 28, (1), 17–21. 10.Dickinson, J. A. (1988). Symptom control in palliative care. Australian Prescriber, 11, (4), 78–82. 11.Kamel, H. K., Phlavan, M., Malekgoudarzi, B., Gogel, P. & Morley, J. E. (2001). Utilizing pain assessment scales increases the frequency of diagnosing pain among elderly nursing 12.Gloth, F. M., Scheve, A. A., Stober, C. V., Chow, S. & Prosser, J. (2001). The Functional Pain Scale: reliability, validity, and responsiveness in an elderly population 13. Closs, S. J., Barr, B., Briggs, M., Cash, K. & Seers, K. (2004). A comparison of five pain assessment scales for nursing home residents with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. 14. Joanna Briggs Institute. (2001). Pain assessment tools. Retrieved July 10, 2002, from Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence Based Nursing & Midwifery Web site: http://www.joannabriggs.edu.au & Pandya, K. J. (1994). Pain and its treatment in outpatients with metastatic cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 330, (9), 592–596. Shaouli Shahid, Dawn Bessarab, Katherine D van Schaik, Samar M Aoun, Sandra C Thompson BMC Palliat Care. 2013; 12: 26. Published online 2013 July 23. doi: 10.1186/1472-684X-12-26 BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2013 March; 3(1): 61–68. Published online 2012 May 3. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000122 PMCID: PMC3621524 Can Fam Physician. 2007 September; 53(9): 1459–1465.

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