Pancreatic Cancer
Cancer is a disease that affects cells in the body by taking over good cells and corrupting them with bad cells. Cancer can start anywhere in the body at any time. Cancers are benign or malignant tumors affecting the cells in the body. Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive cancer affecting many Americans today. Pancreatic cancer attacks the pancreas and can spread to different organs in the body. Pancreatic cancer causes more death in men and women than any other type of cancer (Krempien, R., & Roeder, F. 2017).
The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen behind the lower part of the stomach. It is an organ in the human body shaped like a fish. The pancreas has two operational components: the exocrine component which aid in digestion …show more content…
by producing enzymes and the endocrine component which produces hormones such as insulin to regulate blood sugar. These two components are very critical to the body’s functions. Without the functions of the pancreas the body cannot produce its own sugars or breakdown food.
Tumors can from in components of the pancreas, altering the functions of each cell producing lymphoma tumor in the lymph nodes or sarcoma tumors in the tissues.
There are two types of tumors that can form inside of the exocrine and endocrine components. The exocrine tumors are the most common types of pancreatic cancers and effect the exocrine gland called adenocarcinomas this type of tumor forms in the ducts of the pancreas and make up a large number of pancreatic cancer cases, (Pancreatic Cancer: Introduction. 2017).
The endocrine tumors are the least common type of pancreatic cancer and are often begnin. These tumors are often call islet cell tumors or neuroendocrine tumors. Tumors from the endocrine affects hormone producing cells (Pancreatic Cancer: Introduction. 2017).
The cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown however, there are several different risk factors that make individuals susceptible to this disease such as, exposure to chemicals, gender, age, race, family history, coffee, alcohol, physical inactivity, diabetes, inherited gene syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, stomach problems, tobacco, obesity and diet. Theses risk factors can or may cause tumors cells in the pancreases to develop and multiply, allowing abnormal cells to grow with in the pancreas causing adenocarcinomas to take over cells forming pancreatic cancer (Pancreatic Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved …show more content…
2017).
The history of Pancreatic Cancer goes back to the 1760s. Researchers believed that Giovanni Battista Morgagni was the pathologists that understood disease. He examined the gross microscopic properties of the disease that is known as pancreatic cancer today. He also microscopically came up with conclusions aiding to the discovery of the disease that would not be established until later in clinical practices and diagnosis in genetic discovery of the disease (Hruban, R. H., & Klimstra, D. S. 2014). According to researchers pancreatic cancer origin is controversial (Pour, P. M., Pandey, K. K., & Batra, S. K. 2003). Pancreatic cancer has different cells Acinar, ductal or islet cells that are thought to be the starting agents in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer, like other cancers are broken down into stages to identify where the cancer is located and how far the cancer has spread in body or to different organs. The stages that pancreatic cancers are broken up into are (T) tumor describes the size of the tumor and if it grows outside of the organ, (N) nodes describes that the cells have spread to the lymph nodes cancer, and (M) metastasized describes that the cancer has spread to other organs in the body (Pancreatic Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved, 2017).
Pancreatic cancer is a very dangerous disease that gives no signs or symptom that the disease is active in the body until it has progressed in the later stages.
Currently there is no reliable way to diagnosis early detection of pancreatic cancer (Li, G., Huang, Y., Manjunath, Y., Kimchi, E. T., Kaifi, J. T., & Staveley-O'Carroll, K. F. 2016)., However, there are symptoms of pancreatic cancer that can be used as helpful hints in detecting cancer cells such as, yellow skin and eyes, darkening of the urine, itching, and clay-colored stool, which are signs of jaundice caused by a blockage of the bile ducts, pain in upper abdomen or upper back, painful swelling of an arm or leg due to a blood clot, burning feeling in stomach or other gastrointestinal discomforts, stomach bloating, floating stools with a particularly bad odor and an unusual color due to the body not digesting fats well, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, Chills, fever, and unexplained weight loss (Pancreatic Cancer: Diagnosis. 2017). Clinical guidelines suggest that a preoperative assessment should be done on patient with pancreatic cancer to determine the right direction in which the patient should take when diagnosed with cancer.
Unlike other diseases pancreatic cancer cannot be transmitted from one person to another. The disease can be transmitted through genetics. Pancreatic cancer can be transmitted inside the human body from one cell to another. It can also be transmitted from one organ to another
breaking down the immune system and other organs in the body in stages.
There is no cure for pancreatic cancer however; there are different treatments that can prolong life with cancer. If the disease is caught in the early stages patients have several options for treatment such as, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, ablation and embolization treatments and research and diagnostics. Finding the right treatment depends on the patient and stage of the disease. The most effective treatment for pancreatic cancer is surgery if the disease is caught at an early stage. Tumor markers are being used to detect cancer at an early stage. Early screening is being developed to allowing patients to be tested for cancer earlier. (Li, G., Huang, Y., Manjunath, Y., Kimchi, E. T., Kaifi, J. T., & Staveley-O'Carroll, K. F. 2016).
The number of pancreatic cancer cases increase every year due to risk factors of the disease. Studies have shown that smoking is major risk pancreatic cancer. Patients that stop smoking or altered their smoking habits will reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer increases because of the risks factors associated cancer. For example obesity is a risk factor of pancreatic cancer so data of new cases will increase and the prevalence of cases now will also increase. The global incidence rate for pancreas care is about 8/100,000 according to. The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer differs from country to country. The United States of America has a higher in African Americans then in other counties because data is collected in different countries are incomplete. Geographical and regional differences also account for lower rates in other countries than the United States. Two thousand and eight was last reported new diagnoses of pancreatic cancer worldwide covering 2.2% of cancer cases (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013). Age and sex play major roles in pancreatic cancer because both are risk factors of the disease. Age is important factor, older men and women have a higher chance in getting pancreatic cancer. Fewer than ten percent of cases occur in people over the age of fifty five years old. Sex is also, very important factor in pancreatic cancer incidence rate. Males are at a higher risk than woman is for pancreatic cancer according to (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013) There is higher percentage of African Americans with pancreatic cancers than other races. There is really no solid information as to why Blacks have a higher rate than any other racial groups. Research need to be done for accurate data collection. However, it is assumed that because of lifestyle, drinking, smoking, and genetic factor African Americans account for the largest racial group population with pancreatic cancer deaths (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013)
Life style factors such as, diet, obesity, smoking and alcohol contribute to the amount of pancreatic cancer cases we have today. A healthy diet is very important to the bodies’ organs and the functions of the pancreas. The digestive system needs the pancreas in working condition to aid in digestion. The pancreas also, produces hormones and insulin to keep blood sugars regulated. Because researchers have not found any relationship between different types of foods consumed there is no solid information as to what foods may cause pancreatic cancer (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013)
Obesity is a risk factor for several different types’ cancer including pancreatic cancer. Obesity can cause a strain on your organs. Obesity in the midsection of the body can cause complications and is a factor among 1.19 cancer cases. There is more data available to showing the relationship between obesity and cancer than diet and cancer. A healthy body weight is recommended to help fight against cancer (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013)
Smoking is one of the biggest risk factor in pancreatic cancer. Studies have shown a direct relationship between a smoker and pancreatic cancer. Smoker are 2 time more likely to get pancreatic cancer than non smokers. According to (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013) there has been a recent analysis of 12 case control studies with 13,000 pancreatic patients and it was established that current smoker has an odd ratio of 2:2 compares to nonsmokers. Smokers who stopped smoking and had a decrease in odds ratio to 1:2 concluding that smoker are at a higher risk for cancers. Alcohol drinkers who consume too much alcohol are at risk for cirrichus of the liver and pancreatic cancer. It is hard for researchers to make a direct relationship between alcohol and cancer because smoking and alcohol consumption are usually done together. Drug and medication abuse can contribute to cancers if used in excessive amounts. Other risk factors are chronic pancreatitis, heredity pancreatitis and infectious disease. Can have some underlying connection to pancreatic cancer. Research has to be conducted to formulate factors as major risks factor of the disease. The Mortality rate for patients with pancreatic cancer is very high. The number of new pancreatic case is now equal to the number of deaths from the disease (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013).
Pancreatic cancer is a very violent disease responsible for a large number of deaths each year. There is no cure for this disease and by the time patients are diagnosed with the disease it is too late ( Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013).
The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen behind the lower part of the stomach. It is an organ in the human body shaped like a fish. The pancreas has two operational components: the exocrine component which aid in digestion …show more content…
by producing enzymes and the endocrine component which produces hormones such as insulin to regulate blood sugar. These two components are very critical to the body’s functions. Without the functions of the pancreas the body cannot produce its own sugars or breakdown food.
Tumors can from in components of the pancreas, altering the functions of each cell producing lymphoma tumor in the lymph nodes or sarcoma tumors in the tissues.
There are two types of tumors that can form inside of the exocrine and endocrine components. The exocrine tumors are the most common types of pancreatic cancers and effect the exocrine gland called adenocarcinomas this type of tumor forms in the ducts of the pancreas and make up a large number of pancreatic cancer cases, (Pancreatic Cancer: Introduction. 2017).
The endocrine tumors are the least common type of pancreatic cancer and are often begnin. These tumors are often call islet cell tumors or neuroendocrine tumors. Tumors from the endocrine affects hormone producing cells (Pancreatic Cancer: Introduction. 2017).
The cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown however, there are several different risk factors that make individuals susceptible to this disease such as, exposure to chemicals, gender, age, race, family history, coffee, alcohol, physical inactivity, diabetes, inherited gene syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, stomach problems, tobacco, obesity and diet. Theses risk factors can or may cause tumors cells in the pancreases to develop and multiply, allowing abnormal cells to grow with in the pancreas causing adenocarcinomas to take over cells forming pancreatic cancer (Pancreatic Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved …show more content…
2017).
The history of Pancreatic Cancer goes back to the 1760s. Researchers believed that Giovanni Battista Morgagni was the pathologists that understood disease. He examined the gross microscopic properties of the disease that is known as pancreatic cancer today. He also microscopically came up with conclusions aiding to the discovery of the disease that would not be established until later in clinical practices and diagnosis in genetic discovery of the disease (Hruban, R. H., & Klimstra, D. S. 2014). According to researchers pancreatic cancer origin is controversial (Pour, P. M., Pandey, K. K., & Batra, S. K. 2003). Pancreatic cancer has different cells Acinar, ductal or islet cells that are thought to be the starting agents in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer, like other cancers are broken down into stages to identify where the cancer is located and how far the cancer has spread in body or to different organs. The stages that pancreatic cancers are broken up into are (T) tumor describes the size of the tumor and if it grows outside of the organ, (N) nodes describes that the cells have spread to the lymph nodes cancer, and (M) metastasized describes that the cancer has spread to other organs in the body (Pancreatic Cancer. (n.d.). Retrieved, 2017).
Pancreatic cancer is a very dangerous disease that gives no signs or symptom that the disease is active in the body until it has progressed in the later stages.
Currently there is no reliable way to diagnosis early detection of pancreatic cancer (Li, G., Huang, Y., Manjunath, Y., Kimchi, E. T., Kaifi, J. T., & Staveley-O'Carroll, K. F. 2016)., However, there are symptoms of pancreatic cancer that can be used as helpful hints in detecting cancer cells such as, yellow skin and eyes, darkening of the urine, itching, and clay-colored stool, which are signs of jaundice caused by a blockage of the bile ducts, pain in upper abdomen or upper back, painful swelling of an arm or leg due to a blood clot, burning feeling in stomach or other gastrointestinal discomforts, stomach bloating, floating stools with a particularly bad odor and an unusual color due to the body not digesting fats well, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, Chills, fever, and unexplained weight loss (Pancreatic Cancer: Diagnosis. 2017). Clinical guidelines suggest that a preoperative assessment should be done on patient with pancreatic cancer to determine the right direction in which the patient should take when diagnosed with cancer.
Unlike other diseases pancreatic cancer cannot be transmitted from one person to another. The disease can be transmitted through genetics. Pancreatic cancer can be transmitted inside the human body from one cell to another. It can also be transmitted from one organ to another
breaking down the immune system and other organs in the body in stages.
There is no cure for pancreatic cancer however; there are different treatments that can prolong life with cancer. If the disease is caught in the early stages patients have several options for treatment such as, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, ablation and embolization treatments and research and diagnostics. Finding the right treatment depends on the patient and stage of the disease. The most effective treatment for pancreatic cancer is surgery if the disease is caught at an early stage. Tumor markers are being used to detect cancer at an early stage. Early screening is being developed to allowing patients to be tested for cancer earlier. (Li, G., Huang, Y., Manjunath, Y., Kimchi, E. T., Kaifi, J. T., & Staveley-O'Carroll, K. F. 2016).
The number of pancreatic cancer cases increase every year due to risk factors of the disease. Studies have shown that smoking is major risk pancreatic cancer. Patients that stop smoking or altered their smoking habits will reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer increases because of the risks factors associated cancer. For example obesity is a risk factor of pancreatic cancer so data of new cases will increase and the prevalence of cases now will also increase. The global incidence rate for pancreas care is about 8/100,000 according to. The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer differs from country to country. The United States of America has a higher in African Americans then in other counties because data is collected in different countries are incomplete. Geographical and regional differences also account for lower rates in other countries than the United States. Two thousand and eight was last reported new diagnoses of pancreatic cancer worldwide covering 2.2% of cancer cases (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013). Age and sex play major roles in pancreatic cancer because both are risk factors of the disease. Age is important factor, older men and women have a higher chance in getting pancreatic cancer. Fewer than ten percent of cases occur in people over the age of fifty five years old. Sex is also, very important factor in pancreatic cancer incidence rate. Males are at a higher risk than woman is for pancreatic cancer according to (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013) There is higher percentage of African Americans with pancreatic cancers than other races. There is really no solid information as to why Blacks have a higher rate than any other racial groups. Research need to be done for accurate data collection. However, it is assumed that because of lifestyle, drinking, smoking, and genetic factor African Americans account for the largest racial group population with pancreatic cancer deaths (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013)
Life style factors such as, diet, obesity, smoking and alcohol contribute to the amount of pancreatic cancer cases we have today. A healthy diet is very important to the bodies’ organs and the functions of the pancreas. The digestive system needs the pancreas in working condition to aid in digestion. The pancreas also, produces hormones and insulin to keep blood sugars regulated. Because researchers have not found any relationship between different types of foods consumed there is no solid information as to what foods may cause pancreatic cancer (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013)
Obesity is a risk factor for several different types’ cancer including pancreatic cancer. Obesity can cause a strain on your organs. Obesity in the midsection of the body can cause complications and is a factor among 1.19 cancer cases. There is more data available to showing the relationship between obesity and cancer than diet and cancer. A healthy body weight is recommended to help fight against cancer (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013)
Smoking is one of the biggest risk factor in pancreatic cancer. Studies have shown a direct relationship between a smoker and pancreatic cancer. Smoker are 2 time more likely to get pancreatic cancer than non smokers. According to (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013) there has been a recent analysis of 12 case control studies with 13,000 pancreatic patients and it was established that current smoker has an odd ratio of 2:2 compares to nonsmokers. Smokers who stopped smoking and had a decrease in odds ratio to 1:2 concluding that smoker are at a higher risk for cancers. Alcohol drinkers who consume too much alcohol are at risk for cirrichus of the liver and pancreatic cancer. It is hard for researchers to make a direct relationship between alcohol and cancer because smoking and alcohol consumption are usually done together. Drug and medication abuse can contribute to cancers if used in excessive amounts. Other risk factors are chronic pancreatitis, heredity pancreatitis and infectious disease. Can have some underlying connection to pancreatic cancer. Research has to be conducted to formulate factors as major risks factor of the disease. The Mortality rate for patients with pancreatic cancer is very high. The number of new pancreatic case is now equal to the number of deaths from the disease (Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013).
Pancreatic cancer is a very violent disease responsible for a large number of deaths each year. There is no cure for this disease and by the time patients are diagnosed with the disease it is too late ( Yadav, D., & Lowenfels, A. B. 2013).