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Parents’ Educational Attainment and Occupational Status

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Parents’ Educational Attainment and Occupational Status
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Economics is a social science that studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means, which have alternative uses (Robinson [1978]). Human wants are unlimited or insatiable and the resources to satisfy these wants are scarce. It can also be defined as the practical science of the production and distribution of wealth.
Economics can also be defined as the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life. It deals with the exchange of goods and services, scarcity and choice. The most accepted of all the aforementioned definitions is the one given by Robinson (1978).
Methods used in studying Economics are quite different to those used in physical science such as Physics, Chemistry and Biology. This is because Economics deals with human beings and their behavior depending largely on the environment they live in.
Economics concerns itself with production, distribution and management of scarce resources to satisfy human survival. It follows that such an important subject should be included in the school curriculum.
Economics is taught as a separate subject in the SS1, SS2 and SS3 school curriculum. The senior secondary school certificate syllabus guide the curriculum content of Economics.
In an article titled “Strategies to better schools results”, the 1988 national president of All Nigeria conference of principals of secondary schools (ANCOPSS) observed that over the years, (since1976 to be precise) the WASC/GCE ‘O’ Level results of nearly all post-primary institutions, except those of the unity schools, have been persistently bad in terms of quality and quantity of passes.
However, there are lots of problems leading to the low achievement in Economics. The causes identified for poor performance in Economics are as follows:
i) In most of our schools the class is often too large to be taught effectively because there is often lack of communication between the teacher and his



References: Andy C.E. (2005), Introduction to Economics, Essentials of Economics for secondary schools, TONAD publishing Lagos. Pg. 1-4. Bandura J. (1999) in Ormrod J.E. (2000), Social Learning theory, Human learning (3rd edition), Amazon Books, Pg. 28 Bellamy P Bourdieu P. ([1964] 1979) in Ormrod J.E. (2000), Social Learning theory, Human learning (3rd edition), Amazon Books, Pg. 26. Clausen H. (1991) in Jack M. (2008), Social Learning theory of Julian B. Rotter, Jack Mearns review, Vol 6, No 1, Pg 5 Cluadia B Connell M. (2002) in Onakoya F.O. (2008), Influence of Home Factors on students’ academic achievement in Business studies. Pgd.Ed. project, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye,Pg. 10 Cynthia M., Gene P., Doris B Encarta encyclopedia (2007), Achievement; Encarta Dictionary, Microsoft incorporation. Funsho B. (2007), Strategies to better school results. Flames magazine, vol. 1, No. 1, Pg 15 Heamings A.O House E.O. (2000), in Cynthia M., Gene P., Doris B. (2006), Determinants of student achievement in principles of Economics. Journal for Economics Educators, vol. 6, No. 2, Pg. 74-75 House E.O Howley E. (1989), in Cynthia M., Gene P., Doris B. (2006), Determinants of student achievement in principles of Economics. Journal for Economics Educators, vol. 6, No. 2, Pg. 74-75 Howley E Howley E. (2002), in Cynthia M., Gene P., Doris B. (2006), Determinants of student achievement in principles of Economics. Journal for Economics Educators, vol. 6, No. 2, Pg. 74-75 Jack M John H., Ronit D., Patricia P. (2000); Choice and circumstances, Social capital and planful competence in the attainment of the “one-in- a- half” Generation. http;//ceris.metropolis.net/virtual library/education/hagan1/#0, Pg.10-15. NEETF (2000) in Cynthia M., Gene P., Doris b. (2006); Determinants of student achievement in principles of Economics. Journal for Economics Educators, vol. 6, No. 2, Pg. 74. Onakoya F.O. (2008), Influence of Home Factors on students, academic achievement in business studies. Pgd.Ed. project, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Pg.10-20, 56-53. Ormrod J.E. (2000), Social Learning theory, Human learning (3rd edition), Amazon Books, Pg. 10-26. Papanastasiou P. (2002), Model of Mathematics achievement process, in Cynthia M., Gene P., Doris B. (2006), Determinants of student achievement in principles of Economics. Journal for Economics Educators, vol. 6, No. 2, Pg 79-80. Patrick (2001) in Cynthia M., Gene P., Doris B. (2006), Determinants of student achievement in principles of Economics. Journal for Economics Educators, vol. 6, No. 2, Pg. 84. Peterson W & Wilson G.(1993); The process of Educational and Occupational Attainment of Adolescent Females from low income Rural families, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 55,No. 1,Pg. 99-101. Robinson L (1978), in Andy C.E. (2005), Introduction to Economics, Essentials of Economics for secondary schools, TONAD publishing Lagos. Pg. 1 Rotter B.J Staton S. (1995) in Ormrod J.E. (2000); Social Learning theory, Human learning (3rd edition), Amazon Books, Pg. 20. Sandraluz L.C., Annel R. P., Mary E.V., Elizabeth M. (2004); Are L.A’s Children ready for school? RAND Review,Vol. 57,No.1, Pg.10-11. Sandraluz L.C. (2007); Educational achievement reflects Family Background more than ethnicity or immigration. RAND Review. Pg 1-8. Wikipedia encyclopedia (2009); Status attainment, www.wikipedia.org/wiki/status_attainment .

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