pathological progression of left ventricular failure
Describe the pathological progression of left ventricular failure.
Note: continue through both sides of the heart. Include forward failure and backward failure in your discussion
Heart failure is a state of circulatory congestion that results from any kind of myocardial dysfunction. It is most commonly seen in the left ventricle but can lead to right ventricular failure, a condition called biventricular failure.
A large myocardial infarction can generally lead to ventricular failure. It will decrease contractility, alter chamber compliance, and create abnormal wall motion. The decrease in contractility creates more stretch in the myocardium making each contraction less effective and ultimately leaving more residual blood in the left ventricle meanwhile decreasing stroke volume and increasing blood pressure. Increased pressure causes the left ventricle to hypertrophy which also puts pressure on the left atria. Atrial pressure is meant to be low so when ventricular pressure rises, it ends up transmitting pressure all the way back to the pulmonary venous circuit. The pulmonary venous system is normally meant to bring oxygenated blood back to the left side of the heart and so the backflow of blood creates an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillary beds. The hydrostatic pressure then exceeds vascular oncotic pressure. Large proteins molecules in the blood are what keep fluid from leaking out of the capillaries, maintaining this oncotic pressure. Once the pressure is exceeded, fluid starts to build in the interstitial tissue of the lungs causing pulmonary edema. If this is not noticed early on and taken care of in time, the backflow will continue on into the right side of the heart. As this starts to happen, the heart will try to correct for this excess fluid by causing constriction leading into the lungs. The constriction creates more pressure for the right ventricle which then causes the ventricle to have to work harder to pump
Note: continue through both sides of the heart. Include forward failure and backward failure in your discussion
Heart failure is a state of circulatory congestion that results from any kind of myocardial dysfunction. It is most commonly seen in the left ventricle but can lead to right ventricular failure, a condition called biventricular failure.
A large myocardial infarction can generally lead to ventricular failure. It will decrease contractility, alter chamber compliance, and create abnormal wall motion. The decrease in contractility creates more stretch in the myocardium making each contraction less effective and ultimately leaving more residual blood in the left ventricle meanwhile decreasing stroke volume and increasing blood pressure. Increased pressure causes the left ventricle to hypertrophy which also puts pressure on the left atria. Atrial pressure is meant to be low so when ventricular pressure rises, it ends up transmitting pressure all the way back to the pulmonary venous circuit. The pulmonary venous system is normally meant to bring oxygenated blood back to the left side of the heart and so the backflow of blood creates an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillary beds. The hydrostatic pressure then exceeds vascular oncotic pressure. Large proteins molecules in the blood are what keep fluid from leaking out of the capillaries, maintaining this oncotic pressure. Once the pressure is exceeded, fluid starts to build in the interstitial tissue of the lungs causing pulmonary edema. If this is not noticed early on and taken care of in time, the backflow will continue on into the right side of the heart. As this starts to happen, the heart will try to correct for this excess fluid by causing constriction leading into the lungs. The constriction creates more pressure for the right ventricle which then causes the ventricle to have to work harder to pump