Pathophysiology of Diabetes Nephropathy and Atherosclerosis
HND701 Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Due: 1st June 2012
Student name: Marie Sansotta-Allen Student number: 212234644
Word count:
Essay – 3292, Citations/quotes/contents page - 700, References –1328
Table of Contents Page
Introduction 2
Diabetes Nephropathy 3
Risk factors 4
Pathophysiology of Diabetes Nephropathy 5
Diabetes Nephropathy Management 7
Glycaemic Control 7
ACE/ARBs 8
Blood pressure control 8
Atherosclerosis 9
Risk Factors 9
Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis 10
Atherosclerosis Management 12
Diabetes Clinic 12
Hyperlipidaemia 12
Statins 12
Smoking Cessation 13
Conclusion 13
References 15
Introduction
Diabetes is a silent killer! Diabetes is a lifelong progressive condition with the natural potential for the development of numerous diverse complications. These complications can arise from damage to the microvascular (small blood vessels) system and present as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy or damage to the macrovascular (large blood vessels) system and present as dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Nathan & Delhanty (2005, p.42) maintains that these complications may be present at the time of diabetes mellitus diagnosis and refer to diabetes as a ‘silent killer” as diabetes can go unnoticed until a major health event occurs.
Diabetes is a major risk factor in the development of diabetes nephropathy and atherosclerosis. The person with diabetes (PWD) is at increased risk of mortality and morbidity than the general population but these are further increased in the presence of complications. There is a crossover in pathophysiology of both nephropathy and atherosclerosis and the choice of these diabetes complications for this paper is purposeful as they have persistent hyperglycaemia over time as a common
Due: 1st June 2012
Student name: Marie Sansotta-Allen Student number: 212234644
Word count:
Essay – 3292, Citations/quotes/contents page - 700, References –1328
Table of Contents Page
Introduction 2
Diabetes Nephropathy 3
Risk factors 4
Pathophysiology of Diabetes Nephropathy 5
Diabetes Nephropathy Management 7
Glycaemic Control 7
ACE/ARBs 8
Blood pressure control 8
Atherosclerosis 9
Risk Factors 9
Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis 10
Atherosclerosis Management 12
Diabetes Clinic 12
Hyperlipidaemia 12
Statins 12
Smoking Cessation 13
Conclusion 13
References 15
Introduction
Diabetes is a silent killer! Diabetes is a lifelong progressive condition with the natural potential for the development of numerous diverse complications. These complications can arise from damage to the microvascular (small blood vessels) system and present as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy or damage to the macrovascular (large blood vessels) system and present as dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Nathan & Delhanty (2005, p.42) maintains that these complications may be present at the time of diabetes mellitus diagnosis and refer to diabetes as a ‘silent killer” as diabetes can go unnoticed until a major health event occurs.
Diabetes is a major risk factor in the development of diabetes nephropathy and atherosclerosis. The person with diabetes (PWD) is at increased risk of mortality and morbidity than the general population but these are further increased in the presence of complications. There is a crossover in pathophysiology of both nephropathy and atherosclerosis and the choice of these diabetes complications for this paper is purposeful as they have persistent hyperglycaemia over time as a common
Citations: The National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance (NVDPA) guidelines suggest that emphasis should not be placed on just one single risk factor but on the combination and intensity of the risk factors. (2009 National Heart Foundation).