|Images or figurative language |‘Logging is creating smouldering, |If readers can visualise the problem |
|Painting a word picture of a scene or |air-polluting wastelands.’ |through the writer’s words, they may be |
|action; using similes, metaphors, |‘You can’t ban boxing. The horse has |more likely to support his or her |
|analogies. |bolted.’ |argument. |
|Appeal to history or tradition |‘Boxing has been around too long to be |People are not very willing to change |
|Using evidence from history, shared |banned.’ |something that has existed for a very |
|beliefs and customs, to support argument.|‘Just remember that slavery, child labour|long time. |
| |and whaling were once legal. Times |We are supposed to learn from our |
| |change and logging is now socially |history. |
| |acceptable. | |
|Appeal to patriotism |‘Those who oppose this plan are simply |Label opponents as disloyal to their |
|Referring to Australian or national |un-Australian.’ |country. |
|customs. |‘Australians fought and died in two world|Readers do not like to be thought of as |
|Questioning the loyalty of opponents. |wars to preserve our democracy.’ |unpatriotic or disloyal to their country.|
|Emotive appeals |‘Sensible people know