1) Pfizer is a global pharmaceutical company .The company's senior director of orgaizational effectiveness, jordan cohen , found that the "Harvard MBA staff we hired to develop strategies and innovate were instead googling and making powerpoints ". Jordan cohen, top manager of the company is responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organisation and establishing policies and philosophies that affect all organisational members. So that the company will be most effective and efficient and can achieve its goal.Most of the time its valuable talent was spend on menial tasks which were startling. the average employee in Pfizer would spend 20% to 40% of his or her time on support work like creating documents and typing notes etc and only about 60% to 80% on knowledge work like strategy, networking etc which was a little problematic. It would be great to have a magic button so that through the magic button you could push someone else to do that boring or time consuming stuff. Now, However the Pfizer's have something like 'magic button' for example those tasks which are time consuming or boring would be passed off to individuals outside the organization.
2) Managers are individuals in an organization who direct and oversee the actvites of other people in the organization. They make decisions, set goals,create workable organization structure,hire and motivate employees for the organization.Managers are usually classified into top,middle and firstline managers. Top managers are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization, Middle managers are found between the lowest and top levels of the organisation and the first line managers are the individuals responsible for directing day to day activities of the nonmanagerial employees. according to the function approach, managers perform certain activities or functions as they direct and oversee other's work