Philippine Environmental Law
PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
FINAL
Submitted By:
Philip Baumgarten
Introduction to the Philippines System of Government
The Philippines has a government of representative democracy based on the United
States system. The 1987 constitution, adopted during the administration of Corazon
Aquino reestablished a presidential system of government with a bicameral legislature and an independent judiciary.
The President, the members of the House of Representatives and the Senate are elected by the populous. The President is limited to one six year term. The legislature is comprised of 24 Senators and 250 members of the House of Representatives
The Judiciary is independent form the President and the Legislature. The Supreme Court is comprised of a Chief Justice and fourteen associate justices. The Supreme Court justices and the lower court justices are selected by the President from a list of nominees submitted by the Philippine Judicial and Bar Council. Only natural born citizens of the
Philippines may hold judicial posts. Confirmation by the legislature of the President’s judicial appointments is not required.
Types of Laws and Regulations
Law Passed by Congress – this is referred to as Republic Act (R.A.). Similar to the
United States a bill is initiated in either of legislative chambers or by the President. The bill is subject to review by a Congressional committee to hear out concerns on the bill.
Thereafter, the bill is approved by the entire body. Once approved, the bill is referred to a
Bicameral Conference Committee to reconcile any conflicting provisions. Once ratified, the bill is forwarded to the President for approval or veto. A two-thirds vote of Congress is needed to override a veto. Laws enacted by Congress have been the primary method of lawmaking since the 1987 Constitution was ratified.
Presidential Decree (P.D.) – during the period of the “Martial Law Years”(1972-1986) , legislative was made by Presidential fiat of then
FINAL
Submitted By:
Philip Baumgarten
Introduction to the Philippines System of Government
The Philippines has a government of representative democracy based on the United
States system. The 1987 constitution, adopted during the administration of Corazon
Aquino reestablished a presidential system of government with a bicameral legislature and an independent judiciary.
The President, the members of the House of Representatives and the Senate are elected by the populous. The President is limited to one six year term. The legislature is comprised of 24 Senators and 250 members of the House of Representatives
The Judiciary is independent form the President and the Legislature. The Supreme Court is comprised of a Chief Justice and fourteen associate justices. The Supreme Court justices and the lower court justices are selected by the President from a list of nominees submitted by the Philippine Judicial and Bar Council. Only natural born citizens of the
Philippines may hold judicial posts. Confirmation by the legislature of the President’s judicial appointments is not required.
Types of Laws and Regulations
Law Passed by Congress – this is referred to as Republic Act (R.A.). Similar to the
United States a bill is initiated in either of legislative chambers or by the President. The bill is subject to review by a Congressional committee to hear out concerns on the bill.
Thereafter, the bill is approved by the entire body. Once approved, the bill is referred to a
Bicameral Conference Committee to reconcile any conflicting provisions. Once ratified, the bill is forwarded to the President for approval or veto. A two-thirds vote of Congress is needed to override a veto. Laws enacted by Congress have been the primary method of lawmaking since the 1987 Constitution was ratified.
Presidential Decree (P.D.) – during the period of the “Martial Law Years”(1972-1986) , legislative was made by Presidential fiat of then