Physical Education and Official School Policy

Merjo Jemaine Pienaar
Student Number:

Semester 1
Assignment 2

PST312M Physical Education and Sports Coaching

Unique number: 790103
Closing data: 20 March 2013

CONTENTS

Question 1- 2 2
Question 3-4 2-3
Question 5-6 3-4
Question 7-8 4-5
Question 9 (news paper article) 5-7
My Opinion 8
Official School Policy 8-13
Bibliography 14

1. Briefly explain the relationship between physical education and sport.
Physical education is focused on the child’s holistic development, stressing personal and social development, physical fitness, strength, flexibility, motor development and basic sport skills.
Supports the child physically, mentally and socially.
It’s happening during school set up.
Its referred to as movement in kindergarten/pre-school.
You first come across the term “physical education” in primary school.
Focus on individual improvement and not on winning or being the best.

Sports is a human activity which involves specific administrative organisations and a historical background of rules.
It involves competition or challenge against oneself, others with the emphasis of winning.
It is characterised by certain rules and common goals.
It begins in play and develops through games and challenges.

2. Which are the most common posture problems? How would you correct these problems?

Problem: Khyposis:
How to correct it: Exercises for the head and neck position: head pull, head turns, Heck flattener, head lift.
Exercises for round shoulders: hanging, pull ups, push ups, arm rotators , Wall push, head and arm raisers Problem: Lardosis:
How to correct it: Exercises for the lower back: cat stretcher, trunk stretcher, back arch.

Problem: Scoliosis
How to correct it: Exercises for functional scoliosis: hanging, side stretch.

3. Changes in body proportions affect how skills are performed. Explain why this is so.
The relative size of the head in early childhood influences the balance of the body during movement.
The relative shortness of legs in very young children limits running ability.
Long arms and legs at the beginning of puberty enable children to run better.
Rapid growth leads to clumsiness and can leads to self-consciousness.
Girls gain additional weight during puberty, so their change in body posture influences the speed at which they can move. Pubescent girls run more slowly, so rather advice them to change from shorter distances to longer distances.

4. What is ‘integration’ as it relates to sport? Explain.
Integration is a type of teaching method.
Modification of activities in each lesson unit to reinforce academic skills and concept concurrently taught in the classroom
Combining several subject areas with the goal of enhancing learning in each subject area.
Include information from other class topics into lessons, for a better understanding.
Physical education has many objectives that are developed as the children engage in other subjects, such as English, Geography, Art, Music, Maths and especially social, personal and health education, For instance a dance unit in the physical education curriculum which emphasis movement as a form of expression can be integrated with a creative writing exercise where students have to write what they feel a dance represents.

5. Describe the teaching progression that is best suited for a child during early childhood.

Learners must have a large exposure of activities such as games, dance and gymnastics. They should explore and discover how their body functions. Emphasise the importance of movement concepts and skills. Educators in grade 1 or 2 need to concentrate on creative and exploratory ways of learning locomotion and non-locomotion activities. Include dance activities, rhythmic skills, singing games and creative movements. Activities should cater for the learners level of maturity and ability.

6. Why must the Physical Education teacher have knowledge of the law?
Physical educators should have knowledge of the law to help them to avoid pitfalls or unnecessary stress. Ignorant teachers of the law, may accidentally contravene some legal provisions in the hones performance of their duty. A lack of knowledge may omit them to carry out the requirements of such a provision. If teachers do not want to get involved into legal disputes, they need to know their responsibilities, duties and powers, and must know when they may risk being held responsible for negligence and other offences. If a physical educator want to do competent and efficient work, they should not get involved into legal disputes. The chances to get hurt in physical education are far greater than in other areas of the curriculum therefore they need to be more aware of safety factors and know all they should about legal liability. A broad knowledge of legal liability and sound judgment should be able to avoid law suits. An educator’s legal responsibility concerns the issue of negligence.

7. Your coaching, athletes and school sport benefit from improving schoolcommunity links. Include strategies on how to link school sport programmes with the community with regards to the following :

Parents hold a preseason parent orientation programme to avoid the traditional problems that occur
Such a programme is useful for the following reasons: enables parents to understand the objectives of the programme. allows the parents to become acquainted with you. able to inform the parents about the nature of the sport and its potential risks. can explain why you do not put pressure on children too early.
Parents get to know team rules, regulations and procedures. can inform parents about what is expected of the athletes and of them.
It enables you to understand the parents ' concerns. able to establish a clear line of communication between yourself and the parents. possible to obtain help from parents in conducting the season 's activities.
The agenda for the parent orientation programme should include the following:
. Introduction (10 minutes)
. Coaching philosophy (10 minutes)
. Demonstrations (25 minutes)
. Potential risks (25 minutes)
. Specifics of your programme (15 minutes)
. A question-and-answer session (20±45 minutes)
8. What is your role as a Physical Education teacher in the drug education of your learners?
Explain.

Clearly express your expectations that players will not use drugs.
Be a role model it can gradually change attitudes towards drug use. educate your athletics/learners about the dangers of drugs
The standards that you set by example will become the guide for students behavior.
Ensure that your players know the risks of drug use, especially those that effect athletic performance and their future. emphasise the risk of taking drugs, like legal implications, addiction, athletic injuries etc.
Help them to develope appropriate decision making skills.
Help learners to withstand peer group pressures which can force them to make the wrong choice.
Let athletes know that they can talk to you about their fears and concerns regarding drug use. emphasise the financial loss involved in drug use.

9. Find an appropriate newspaper article on the use of steroids/stimulants/supplements in school sport in South Africa.

Drug testers crack down on school doping
Sbu H Mjikeliso | 14 June, 2011 11:25

Dian Badenhorst from Grey College scores a try during the 2009 u13 Coca-Cola Week match between Cheetahs and Zimbabwe in Kimberley. This picture is to illustrate the story and does NOT implicate any of the players or teams in doping
Image by: Carl Fourie
10. 0 inShare South Africa 's drug busters are to crack down on rampant doping in school sports - which has more than doubled in the past year - starting with this year’s Craven Week rugby tournament.
And government is considering legislation to take action against those supplying the dope.
The SA Institute for Drug Free Sport, boosted by a cash injection from the department of Sports and Recreation, on Tuesday launched an "I Play Fair - Say No to Doping" initiative to counter the increase in school-going dopers.
“Our SA doping control stats clearly show the use of performance enhancing drugs is on the increase among adolescent athletes and among the adult population,” institute chairman Shuaib Manjra said.
“Our latest positive doping stats for the period April 1 2010 to March 30 2011 show a doubling to 50 positive tests from 19 for the year before.”
This increase has been attributed the widespread availability of supplements that contain banned substances like anabolic steroids, pro hormones and stimulants.
“With the recent acknowledged use of steroids in schools, we will also step up this initiative around the up and coming Craven rugby weeks, with an increased awareness drive and increased drug testing. We will ensure we get face time with adolescent rugby players.
“It is important to protect our athletes, especially high school athletes, who in many cases are unknowingly purchasing illegal steroids and are under the false impression they are taking a permissible sports supplement.”
The institute has identified new media, such as Twitter and Facebook, as a key means of getting the anti-doping message across.
Manjra pointed out that testing scholars would not be easy as there were stumbling blocks such as parental consent for testing minors - the institute 's jurisdiction is currently professional sports.
Sports and Recreation Minister Fikile Mbalula warned that the supplement supplier industry needed to be regulated, as is the case with pharmaceutical products.
“It’s a big and unregulated industry, at the present moment, in terms of this campaign," Mbalula said. "Part of the work that we have to do is the review of the law itself.”
“At the present moment the law in its totality does not actually guarantee that all of those who are found to be supplying supplements will actually be on the wrong side of the law,” said Mbalula.
Manjra added: “It is not a South African problem but a global one. (The industry) is worth billions of dollars and has interest in sports. It’s a critical industry and one that needs to be regulated.”
Responding to a question on whether parliament needed an ethics or anti-doping committee, Mbalula said: “Maybe that might be necessary because we are reviving schools sport in a big way … We will look at how the legislation can empower us to basically preserve the future of this country through schools sport.”
The South African Rugby Union (Saru) is also backing the initiative.
Saru’s medical manager Clint Readhead said doping compromised the health of players, went against the ethos of rugby and was simply cheating.
Dries de Wal, director of rugby at Grey College, one of the country’s biggest rugby schools, said they supported the initiative.

What is your opinion regarding the use of supplements in school sport?
The use of stimulants during training is considered to be very dangerous. My opinion is to ban stimulants because it place greater strain on the heart and circulatory system. The use of stimulants to enhance athletics potential is unacceptable. Children and adolescents should stay clear of supplement use as far as possible. Many supplements have side-effects that we not know about, and can harm the body. Learn learners the importance of eating the right foods at the right time, combining with appropriate sport training programmes, instead of using supplements.

Add an official school policy from any school regarding the use of steroids/stimulants/supplements

See on next page.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.businesscasestudies.co.uk
Only studyguide for PST311L UNISA www.wikipedia.com

Bibliography: Drug testers crack down on school doping Sbu H Mjikeliso | 14 June, 2011 11:25