Plate tectonics-Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plates_tect2_en.svg Earthquakes are produced by the sudden energy released by the Earth’s crust, as seismic waves. The seismic activity is calculated within the frequency of the earthquake, this is measured with a seismograph. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured in the Richter scale (a scale of 1 to 10 formerly used to express the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of the size of seismograph oscillations). The magnitude is measured and recorded by seismographs, in whole numbers. When it was first created, it was only measured from 1 to 9, but nowadays the range of the scale has no limits because bigger and stronger earthquakes are happening. The movement of tectonic plates causes earthquakes; there are seventeen in the world. Most of the boundaries are hidden under the ocean but they can be found using satellites. Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves. Seismic waves are the waves created when rock in the tectonic plagues break and create energy because there is an explosion. This energy travels through earth and it is recorded using seismographs.
The ionosphere is one of the portions in the upper atmosphere. This part of the atmosphere is located from 80 km over earth to the 640 km over it; it is a shell of electrons. One of its characteristics is that the radio waves crash in it and the ionosphere returns them to the Earth; this allows radio waves to travel long distances. The ionosphere has a big magnetic field due to the fact that light from the sun