Piaget's second stage, lasting from 2 to 7 years of age, during which time children begin to represent the world with words, images and drawings. In this stage, they also form stable concepts and being to reason. At the same time, their cognitive world is dominated by egocentrism and magical beliefs. In Piaget's theory, reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically. Piaget's first substage of preoperational thought, in which the child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present (occurs roughly between 2 and 4 years of age). Piaget's concept that describes the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective. …show more content…
Vygitsky's term for the range of tasks that are too difficult for children to achieve alone but can be achieved with the guidance and assistance of adults or more skilled children. In regard to cognitive development, Vygotsky used this term to describe the changing level of support over the course of a teaching session, with the more-skilled person adjusting guidance to for the child's current performance level. An approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and the fact that knowledge is mutually built and constructed; Vygotsky's theory is a social constructivist approach. Involves action planning, allocating attention to goals, error detection and compensation, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances. Focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment. The memory component in which individuals retain information for up to 30 seconds, assuming there is no rehearsal. An umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brains prefrontal cortex. Executive functioning involves managing one's though to engage in a goal directed behavior and