Quotations in a research paper, thesis, or dissertation are of two types: indirect (paraphrased or summarized) and direct (verbatim). You must document both types -- that is, you must indicate the source of indirect and direct quotations either with parenthetical documentation accompanied by a list of works cited or with a superscript (raised number) in the text and a corresponding footnote or endnote containing bibliographic information. (See Chapter 4 for a detailed discussion of both styles of documentation)
PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism (the use of another person’s ideas or wording without giving appropriate credit) results from inaccurate or incomplete attribution of material to its source. Ideas and the expression of ideas are considered to belong to the individual who first puts them forward. Therefore, when you incorporate in your paper either ideas or phrasing from another writer, whether you quote directly or indirectly, you need to indicate your source accurately and completely. Whether intentional or unintentional, plagiarism can bring serious consequences, not only academic, in the form of failure or expulsion, but also legal, in the form of lawsuits. People take plagiarism seriously because it violates the ethics of the academic community
DOCUMENTATION TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
You should document in your paper any fact or opinion that you read in one of your sources, whether you first discovered the idea there or you have assimilated it so thoroughly that it seems to be your own. Some exceptions to this rule are facts that are common knowledge (for example, that John Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence), facts that can be verified easily and do not differ from one source to another (for example, that the headquarters of the Common Market is in Brussels, Belgium) and well-known sayings or proverbs (for example, that Theodore Roosevelt said, "Speak softly and carry a