Schettler, T. (2001). Toxic threats to neurologic development of children. Environmental Health Perspective 109(6). P. 813–6 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240616/pdf/ehp109s-000813.pdf…
Steingraber discovered, “One in eight U.S children is born prematurely. Preterm birth is the leading cause of the death in the first months of life and the leading cause of disability. Its price tag is $26 billion per year in medical costs, special services, and lost productivity. Preterm birth has demonstrated links to air pollution, especially maternal exposure to fine particles and combustion byproducts of the type released from coal-burning power plants” (746)…
* Environment plays a big role in chronic illnesses because every time we go outside we are exposing our bodies to the sun and breathing air. Unprotected exposure to UV radiation is the most preventable risk factor for skin cancer. Pollution is bad for humans, the earth and animals. Pollution affects each individual in different ways. Continual exposure to air pollution affects the lungs of growing children and may complicate medical conditions in the elderly. Absolutely, pollutions is almost everywhere we go and these environmental…
How much do external circumstances really affect the overall outcome of each and every human life? It comes down to a mixture of genetics and the events that occur to shape how people live. Despite the importance of genetics, throughout history, it has been proven that the environment has a greater impact on who a child becomes. There are genetic factors that may result in a bias, such as mental health and disabilities, as well as issues that can occur while developing as a child, but for the most part, these can be minimized with positive influence and encouragement. Parent’s decisions shape how their children may react to different situations.…
The Sixties had been a witness to numerous historical events including the Vietnam War, the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the Civil Rights Movement to name a few. However, it is also the year American popular culture experienced a watershed development as British groups gained popularity in the US and became significant to the transatlantic counterculture. This paper, while focusing on the forerunner of the British Invasion – the Beatles – provides an overview of the British Invasion and examines its impact on American popular music. In doing so, it investigates the success and historical significance of the invasion in the evolution of popular music.…
This is everything from the mother’s nutrition while pregnant to the cultural influences in the nation. Nurture includes parental smoking and sleeping position (Beal, 2010). Exposure to environmental toxins such as lead paint or heavy and constant exhaust fumes also becomes a biological factor in infant development, in utero and after birth. If diseases or disorders are pass through heredity which can cause a delay in development (Beal, 2010). The environment affects every trait as well, in ways that change as maturational, cultural, and historical processes unfold. Genes themselves can be modified through epigenetic factors, including drugs and nutrition (Berger, 2011).…
Individuals behave differently depending on his or her beliefs and the choices come from the beliefs one holds. This can have a positive or negative effect on one’s environment within his or her control and the environment that affects the human population on Earth. Some environmental conditions that humans do have control over are pollution and crowding, although the rising temperatures and noise pollution may be out of individual reach. By changing some conditions and adding items that have a positive mental influence on individuals can make some over-populated urban environments more pleasant and less stressful to the community and population living among those areas. “Urban environmental quality thus is a multidimensional concepts that comprise both negative and positive influences” (Steg, 2013, p. 98). Further reading will describe how environmental cues shape individual behavior, examine how behavior is modifiable to support the environment, how social norms are essential for individual beliefs and the influence on behavior, and to find solutions to modify habits and behaviors of the general population.…
A loving, caring environment will encourage a child to socialise and develop good relationships with others. Poor housing, overcrowding, air, water, and noise pollution all have a detrimental effect on a child’s growth and development.…
Environmental psychology was established as an independent discipline in the 1950’s and 1960’s that studied the environmental features as well as human behavior in the physical and sociophysical environment. Research was focused to have a solid understanding of the environmental physical features of the environment and effect toward human behavior.…
Furthermore, environmental influences impact a child’s psychosocial development. Living in lower income communities exposes children to violence, substance use and environmental hazards (Travis & Leech, 2014). Despite the struggles of…
People affected by pollution problems are much more susceptible to contracting other diseases. Others have impaired neurological development, damaged immune systems, and long-term health problems.…
An important milestone in the development of environmental psychology is the distinction between man made environment and the natural environment. The differentiation between man made environments and the natural environment determine whether an environment requires preservation such as a wildlife reserve or merely spatial recognition and maintenance such as a private garden. Moser (2003) wrote: “the distinction between built and natural environments makes it possible to take into account different levels of analysis” (para. 8). I chose to discuss this milestone because I believe that in our comprehension of our environment we can better understand how to care for our environment and in turn how the environment affects us. Our environment affects us both physically and mentally in both natural and built environments. Determining the cause and effect of certain environmental stimuli can greatly aid in our studies on human development.…
Prenatal nicotine exposure has been found to have avoidable effects on children and their mothers. Studies have shown that prenatal exposure can cause not only mental, but also physical harm on children that can ultimately cause life-course harm (Cho, Frijters, Zhang, Miller & Gruen, 2013). For example, a study resulted that nicotine exposure during prenatal can have damaging effects on the development of drugs in the offspring and ultimately cause wheezing in children (Gibbs, Collaco, &Mcgrath-Morrow, 2016). It was also shown that this prenatal exposure can cause poor cognitive scores in school (Cho, Frijters, Zhang, Miller & Gruen, 2013). Although there are extensive risks of prenatal exposure to nicotine…
When it comes to human health related to air pollution there are increasing mortality rates within large cities across the United States. One notice cause within the increase of air pollution is asthma. Asthma is an ongoing problem within the United States directly affecting children. Many epidemiological studies have been conducted in an attempt to pinpoint the cause of asthma. Asthma is considered a long term effect of air pollution as it can deal with either indoor or outside pollution. Another health effect of air pollution is coronary heart disease. Those who have a preexisting heart condition such as coronary heart disease are more susceptible to different forms of air pollution. Different forms of air pollution could cause those with…
Tobacco and recreational drug use during pregnancy can cause antisocial behavior including conduct disorder and delinquency. The use of tobacco during pregnancy has adverse prenatal consequences and these consequences can extend far beyond the prenatal period (Wakschlag, 2002). Antisocial behavior is defined as a chronic violation of social norms and rules which can have both violent and nonviolent manifestations. This antisocial behavior can end up being categorized as a mental disorder. Exposure during pregnancy may play a casual role in the onset of severe antisocial behavior via teratological effects on the fetus (Wakschlag, 2002). A teratogen is the name for any substance that crosses the placenta to harm the fetus. Exposure to tobacco constituents during fetal development and via environmental tobacco smoke exposure is known as the most hazardous of a child’s environmental exposure (DiFranza, 2004). Children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home increases the incidence of middle ear disease, asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia; just to name a few. Hospitalization for respiratory illness is far more likely for children of smokers than those who are not.…