The myth of redemptive violence is one that is told throughout history. It is one in which violence is the creator. Whether it be creation of the cosmos, peace, or some other result, in this myth violence results in redemption. This myth has been imbedded in our society to such a degree that it is naturalized and accepted as the way things are without much reflection. For example, many Christians probably don't contemplate the ways redemptive violence is at the heart of their religion. A classic example of the myth of redemptive violence is found in the elaborate poem The Odyssey. Many elements of violence and how we associate with violence are explored within the multitude of pages of this tale.…
Athena's role in the Odyssey is helping Odysseus get home. At first Athena talks to Zeus, they speak about how she pities Odysseus and how he should come home. Her exact words were, "My own heart is broken for Odysseus (Homer 3)." Zeus agreed. That the man,Odysseus, should come home. Then Athena left Zeus and went to see Telemakhos. She left as Mentes,so that when she saw Telemakhos he would not know she was Athena. Telemakhos showed xenia to the xenos and when she was satisfied Telemakhos asked Athena who she was. She told him that her name was Mentes. They then had a conversation about many things, one of which was Telemakhos's father. She had told him that his father is truly not dead but "only detained somewhere on the wideseas, upon some…
Battered, bruised, and weary from his endeavor through the merciless desert storm, the ragged traveler found his way to a foreign village. He collapsed upon the ground as life - sure enough - was slowly sucked away from his frail, timid body. Upon cue, the native villagers appeared one-by-one and rescued the traveler from the precipice of death and magnanimously clothed and bathed him. Unsparingly, they fed and treated him as royalty. Unconditionally, they asked for nothing in return. Such kindness to guests was a key feature of the ancient Greeks. In order to advance their island-scattered civilization, the ancient Greeks relied heavily on trade and journeys, and in consequence, one of their key beliefs was the concept of hospitality or xenia. As the ancient Greeks tended to embed such beliefs within their literature, Homer, an ancient…
Women were a very big important part of the Odyssey. They were involved in almost every single important thing in The Odyssey. The women that played a huge part were Athena, Penelope, and Calypso. All the women were related to helping Odysseus get things done. I will tell you all about the women in the story.…
Throughout Homer’s The Odyssey, the characters often use the ancient Greek ideal of xenia for their own benefit. This exemplar of hospitality is a cornerstone of ancient Greek religion and culture. The rites of suppliants are even protected by their most powerful god, Zeus. However, people would often try to leverage their host with this social obligation.…
Xenia, the Greek term for the Laws of Hospitality, The custom in classical Greece and other ancient cultures that, if a traveler comes to a strange town, he can ask for food, shelter, and gifts to help him on his journey. In Greek tradition, the host was considered responsible for his guest's comfort and safety, and a breach of those laws of hospitality was thought to anger Zeus, God of the gods.…
The ancient Greek code of hospitality xenia influenced the epic in various ways. The Phaeacians welcome Odysseus under this code. “’In accordance with our [Phaeacian] custom, let us make the immediate arrangements to escort him [Odysseus]’” (95). They followed with their custom and later saw him back to Ithaca. This influences the end of the epic greatly without the Phaeacians generous interpretation of xenia Odysseus would never have reached home and taken revenge on the suitors. Xenia was shown again when Telemachus welcomed Athene into his when she wore the guise of Mentes he fed her and asked about his father. She told him to go inquire about Odysseus’s fate. He does this and learns of no accounts of his father’s death so he was more apt…
Imagine a time when a person could walk up to a stranger’s door and immediately be welcomed and situated comfortably within the home. The idea that this is ridiculous and nevertheless unsafe is rather unheard of during the time of the Ancient Greeks. Hospitality is perhaps the most important and most popular quality of their society. Homer, a Greek author, tells his readers in his epic, The Odyssey, the significance of xenia demonstrated by characters when they are tested for their loyalty or when they are in need of help, representing the philosophy of the Greek culture.…
In a fantasized world like The Odyssey, women can threaten the power of the patriarchy, but in a modernized world like The Catcher in the Rye, women cannot threaten men because they do not hold tangible power. In The Odyssey, women like Helen, have the capability and desire to gain power; Helen exemplifies how women can manipulate men through the use sexulaity to do anything desire, even start a war. Her power over these men not only causes death and destruction, but it also causes endless nights of men missing their wives and just longing for a woman. Unlike The Odyssey, The Catcher in the Rye presents models of women who appear subordinate to men. The average woman in the 1940’s cleans the house, cares for the children, and cooks the dinner. Her life is in the home, leaving her unable to gain power from men. The two situations contrast,…
Rather than helping his guests, he “clutche[s] at [Odysseus’s] companions and [catches] two in his hands like squirming puppies to beat their brains out, spattering the floor” (XI.313-315). If Odysseus had failed to formulate a genius escape plan, the entirety of his men would be digested. Given the fact that the idea of feeding Odysseus and his men just a morsel does not even come close to Polyphemos’s dull brain, and that he does not even think twice about gorily devouring a couple of Odysseus’s helpless men, it is obvious that the idea of Polyphemos owning qualities such as hospitality or helpfulness would not come near the mind of a sane man, much the same as the idea of feeding Odysseus and his poor men never ventures within proximity of Polyphemos’s lack of a brain. This Cyclops openly displays the untamed, savage-like behavior he is meant to own, so his lack of qualities expected from hosts could be predicted from anybody. To recapitulate, Polyphemos the Cyclops lacks the abilities to be a great host similar to Eumaios so much that his decisions when honorable guests enter his stony abode are to gore and eat them in front of their traumatized…
The events in the Odyssey occurred because of character choice, as shown with Odysseus’ ignorance. In The Odyssey Odysseus’ ignorance causes him to stay in the Cyclops, Polyphemus’ cave and then Odysseus continues to unknowingly insult Polyphemus. Odysseus says to Polyphemus, “Have care for the gods, courtesy; Zeus will avenge the unoffending guest” (1049). So Odysseus stays in the Cyclops’ cave and then tells the Cyclops that he has to be hospitable it just makes the Cyclops angry when Odysseus stupidly says this. After leaving the Cyclops’ island Odysseus and his remaining men start their journey home, on their way there they stop at an island, on that island are the cattle of the sun god and Odysseus has been warned not to eat the cattle. Odysseus tells the rest of the story, “Now, that day tranquil cattle with broad brows were grazing near, and soon the men drew up around their chosen beasts in ceremony” (1073). Odysseus’ men are not supposed to kill the sun god’s cattle because if they do then they will be killed, but after a few months they run out of food and decide to kill the sun god’s cattle which causes their death. When Odysseus and his men pass this mysterious island, Odysseus is stupid and decides to send some men to explore the island. Odysseus says “They fell in, soon enough, with lotus eaters who showed us no will to do us harm, only offering the sweet Lotus flowers to our friends, but those…
The use of a symbol has the potential message to send a potent message. Symbols take the form of words, sounds, gestures, or visual images and are used to convey ideas and beliefs. Food is a big part and symbol in The Odyssey. Whatever it may be, either poisoned witch-food, Helios’s cattle, or lotus fruit, Everyone is constantly eating. Although throwing a feast for a guest is a common part of hospitality, hunger and the consumption of food often have negative associations in the Odyssey.…
The epic poem The Odyssey is an epic written by the Greek writer Homer. It centers on the character Odysseus who is a great leader and a king of Ithaca whose actions portrayed a great deal of intelligence, bravery, and determination throughout his many encounters during his journey.…
In chapter 11, Equality begins to refer to himself as “I” rather than “we”. He never explains why he began call himself this until chapter 12, rather this whole chapter is full of descriptive words, or what could be called a form of poetry. He states that he discovered “I” whilst reading the books in the house him and Liberty come across. “It was when I read the first of the books I found in my house that I saw the word ‘I’. And when I understood this word, the book fell from my hands, and I wept, I who had never known tears. I wept in deliverance and in pity for all mankind.” (98). Equality has now become an individual, only dependent on himself and cares only for those he chooses to care for. In chapter 12, Equality gives himself the name Prometheus.…
Ancient Greeks had a poor and dark view on what happened to them once they died. They did not have a place where they their souls went to rest in peace. Instead, they went to where they were tortured for the rest of their immortal lives. This is shown in both epics, The Odyssey by Homer and The Aeneid by Virgil. In the Odyssey Odysseus into the underworld and you get his count on the awfulness of Hades, and too Aeneas goes to the underworld and you see the different parts and find out the meaning of each section. Both texts have similarities and differences on the interpretations of the after lives of greeks. Throughout time Greeks have changed their understandings of…