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Porównanie Systemów Politycznych Rp I Usa

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Porównanie Systemów Politycznych Rp I Usa
Porównanie systemów politycznych
Polski i USA

Porównanie systemów politycznych obydwu krajów może nastręczać nieco trudności, głównie ze względu na specyfikę ich kształtowania na przestrzeni dziejów. Co najważniejsze, USA to kraj o długiej i nieprzerwanej tradycji demokratycznej, w którym wszelkie poważne zmiany dokonywały się (może z wyjątkiem wojny secesyjnej i jej skutków) drogą ewolucji, przez co system polityczny wypracowano poprzez ciągle opieranie się konsensusie. Polska tymczasem to kraj, który mimo swej bogatej historii i posiadania w swoim dorobku innowacyjnych rozwiązań systemowych (takich, jak choćby idea Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów i uchwalenie drugie – po amerykańskiej – konstytucji na świecie), jest młodą demokracją z dość syntetycznie zbudowanym ustrojem (transformacja ustrojowa 1989 roku spowodowała odgórny „przewrót” w tym względzie, przynajmniej w pewnym zakresie).
Po drugie, tradycja demokratyczna znajduje swój wyraz nie tylko długotrwałym charakterze rozwiązań prawno ustrojowych, ale również mentalności i kulturze politycznej społeczeństwa. Także i pod tym względem Polska może uchodzić za państwo o dość niedojrzałej strukturze, będącej w ciągłym procesie formowania się. Mimo tych i innych czynników porównanie poszczególnych rozwiązań systemowych i instytucji funkcjonujących w ich ramach daje bardzo ciekawe rezultaty, nie do końca świadczące o ekstremalnej rozbieżności systemu politycznego naszych państw. Władza państwowa.

Zasadniczą kwestią, mającą przemożny wpływ na wygląd i funkcjonowanie systemów politycznych obydwu państw jest fakt, iż Stany Zjednoczone to państwo federalne, a Polska – unitarne. USA już z samej definicji są związkiem poszczególnych części składowych (początkowo było to trzynaście kolonii angielskich, z czasem liczba stanów urosła do pięćdziesięciu – czterdzieści osiem to tzw. stany kontynentalne, pozostałe dwa to nie połączona z resztą kraju Alaska i archipelag Hawajów). Federalny charakter państwa widoczny

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