Pre-Aice Chemistry Study Guide
IGCSE PRE-AICE CHEMISTRY 0620 OFFICIAL STUDY GUIDE
Notes:
To avoid any confusion concerning the symbol for litre, dm3 will be used in place of l or litre.Valence electrons are known as valency electrons for this test.
Nature of Matter The states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas, in respective order of kinetic energy. State of Matter | Definite Volume | Definite Shape | Solid | Yes | Yes | Liquid | Yes | No | Gas | No | No |
Diffusion: the process in which particles mix by colliding randomly with each other and bouncing off in all directions. This causes smells to travel around a room, etc.Things that make diffusion faster: Smaller Mass Higher Temperature
How we know that particles in liquids and gases move:Because when melted/heated, substances expand, showing that the particles are further apart, having more kinetic energy and bumping into each other more rapidly. When something is boiled, the particles may escape, which shows that they have enough energy to escape and thus a lot of movement.
Mixtures and Solutions: Difference?
Mixtures are substances that are not chemically combined or dissolved.Solutions are dissolved and blended completely so that the substance is uniform throughout (ex salt solute and water solvent)
Solubility: If something can dissolve, it is soluble. Solids usually get more soluble as temperatures rise.
Solvents that dry and evaporate easily are called volatile.
Experimental Techniques
2.1 - Measurement What to Measure | How to Measure it | Time | stopwatch | Volume | graduated cylinders, pipettes, burettes, etc | Temperature | thermometer | Mass | a beam balance or a digital balance |
Difference b/t a pipette and a burette:
With a pipette you use a suction bulb to gather a specific amount of the liquid, and you can push the bulb down to let the liquid out, so you can essentially control the amount
Notes:
To avoid any confusion concerning the symbol for litre, dm3 will be used in place of l or litre.Valence electrons are known as valency electrons for this test.
Nature of Matter The states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas, in respective order of kinetic energy. State of Matter | Definite Volume | Definite Shape | Solid | Yes | Yes | Liquid | Yes | No | Gas | No | No |
Diffusion: the process in which particles mix by colliding randomly with each other and bouncing off in all directions. This causes smells to travel around a room, etc.Things that make diffusion faster: Smaller Mass Higher Temperature
How we know that particles in liquids and gases move:Because when melted/heated, substances expand, showing that the particles are further apart, having more kinetic energy and bumping into each other more rapidly. When something is boiled, the particles may escape, which shows that they have enough energy to escape and thus a lot of movement.
Mixtures and Solutions: Difference?
Mixtures are substances that are not chemically combined or dissolved.Solutions are dissolved and blended completely so that the substance is uniform throughout (ex salt solute and water solvent)
Solubility: If something can dissolve, it is soluble. Solids usually get more soluble as temperatures rise.
Solvents that dry and evaporate easily are called volatile.
Experimental Techniques
2.1 - Measurement What to Measure | How to Measure it | Time | stopwatch | Volume | graduated cylinders, pipettes, burettes, etc | Temperature | thermometer | Mass | a beam balance or a digital balance |
Difference b/t a pipette and a burette:
With a pipette you use a suction bulb to gather a specific amount of the liquid, and you can push the bulb down to let the liquid out, so you can essentially control the amount