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Product Mix
The Product-Mix Auction: a New Auction Design for Differentiated Goods Paul Klemperer Nuffield College, Oxford, OX1 1NF, England paul.klemperer@economics.ox.ac.uk +44 777 623 0123

Journal of the European Economic Association, 2010, 8, forthcoming (first version, 2008)
The most recent public version of this paper is available at http://www.paulklemperer.org Abstract I describe a new static (sealed-bid) auction for differentiated goods—the “Product-Mix Auction”. Bidders bid on multiple assets simultaneously, and bidtakers choose supply functions across assets. The auction yields greater efficiency, revenue, information, and trade than running multiple separate auctions. It is also often simpler to use and understand, and less vulnerable to collusion, than a simultaneous multiple round auction. I designed it after the 2007 Northern Rock bank-run to help the Bank of England* fight the credit crunch; in 2008 the U.S. Treasury planned using a related design to buy “toxic assets”; it may be used to purchase electricity. (100 words) *[note added June 2010] Although the auction was designed in response to the crisis, the Bank of England wanted a solution that would be used in normal times too: the Bank is now regularly running auctions that correspond closely to the design described in section 2 of this paper; future auctions may use some of the enhancements described in section 3.
Keywords: multi-object auction, TARP, central banking, simultaneous ascending auction, treasury auction, term auction, toxic assets, simultaneous multiple round auction, Product-Mix Auction JEL Nos. D44 (Auctions), E58 (Central Banking) I have advised the Bank of England and the U.S. Treasury and have been consulted by other Central Banks, government agencies, etc., about these issues. I thank the relevant officials for help, but the views here are my own and do not represent those of any organisation. I am very grateful to Jeremy Bulow and Daniel Marszalec for their help in advising the



References: Ausubel, Lawrence, and Peter Cramton (2008). “A Troubled Asset Reverse Auction.” mimeo, University of Maryland. Ausubel, Lawrence, Peter Cramton, Emel Filiz-Ozbay, Nathaniel Higgins, Erkut Ozbay, and Andrew Stocking (2008). "Common-Value Auctions with Liquidity Needs: An Experimental Test of a Troubled Assets Reverse Auction." mimeo, University of Maryland. Back, Kerry, and Jamie Zender (2001). “Auctions of Divisible Goods With Endogenous Supply.” Economics Letters, 73, 29–34. Budish, Eric (2004). “Internet Auctions for Close Substitutes.” University of Oxford M.Phil. thesis. Binmore, Ken and Paul Klemperer (2002). “The Biggest Auction Ever: the Sale of the British 3G Telecom Licenses.” Economic Journal, 112, C74-C96. Crawford, Vincent P. (2008). “The Flexible-Salary Match: A Proposal to Increase the Salary Flexibility of the National Resident Matching Program.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 66, (2), 149-160, May. Crawford, Vincent P., and Elsie Marie Knoer (1981). "Job Matching with Heterogeneous Firms and Workers.” Econometrica, 49, 437-450. Gul, Faruk, and Ennio Stacchetti (1999). “Walrasian Equilibrium with Gross Substitutes.” Journal of Economic Theory, 87, 95-124. Kelso, Alexander S. Jr., and Vincent P. Crawford (1982). "Job Matching, Coalition Formation, and Gross Substitutes." Econometrica, 50, 1483-1504. Klemperer, Paul (1999). “Auction Theory.” Journal of Economic Surveys, 13 (2), 227-86. Klemperer, Paul (2002). “What Really Matters in Auction Design.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16, 169-189. Klemperer, Paul (2004). Auctions: Theory and Practice, Princeton University Press, Princeton, US. 15 Klemperer, Paul (2008). “A New Auction for Substitutes: Central Bank Liquidity Auctions, the U.S. TARP, and Variable Product-Mix Auctions.” mimeo, Oxford University. Klemperer, Paul and Margaret Meyer (1986). "Price Competition vs. Quantity Competition: The Role of Uncertainty.”Rand Journal of Economics, 17, 618-638. Klemperer, Paul and Margaret Meyer (1989). “Supply Function Equilibria in Oligopoly under Uncertainty,” Econometrica, 57, 1243-1277. Kremer, Ilan, and Kjell Nyborg (2004). “Underpricing and Market Power in Uniform Price Auctions.” Review of Financial Studies, 17, 849-877. Krishna, Vijay (2002). Auction Theory. New York, NY: Academic Press, US. McAdams, David (2007). “Uniform-Price Auctions with Adjustable Supply.” Economics Letters, 95, 48-53. Manelli, Alejandro M. and Daniel Vincent (1995). “Optimal Procurement Mechanisms.” Econometrica, 63, 591-620. Menezes, Flavio M. and Paulo K. Monteiro (2005). An Introduction to Auction Theory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Milgrom, Paul (2000). “Putting Auction Theory to Work: The Simultaneous Ascending Auction.” Journal of Political Economy, 108, 245-272. Milgrom, Paul R. (2004). Putting Auction Theory to Work. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Milgrom, Paul (2009). “Assignment Messages and Exchanges.” American Economic Journal: Microeconomics,1, 95-113. Poole, William (1970). “Optimal Choice of Monetary Policy Instruments in a Simple Stochastic Macro Model.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84, 197-216. Weitzman, Martin (1974). "Prices vs. Quantities." Review of Economic Studies, 41, 477-491. 16

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