Production of Ethanol Using Cassava
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Starch is one of the most abundant substances in nature, a renewable and almost unlimited resource. Starch is produced from grain or root crops. It is mainly used as food, but is also readily converted chemically, physically and biologically into many useful products to date; starch is used to produce such diverse products as food, paper, textiles, adhesives, beverages; confectioning, pharmaceuticals, and building materials. Cassava starch has many remarkable characteristics, including high paste viscosity, high paste clarity, and high freeze- thaw stability, which are advantageous to many industries.
Ethanol is generally produced by the fermentation of sugar, cellulose or converted starch and has along history. In Nigeria, local production of ethanol from maze, guinea corn, millet, cassava and cellulose is as old as the country itself. Apart from food and pharmaceutical uses, ethanol is finding itself alternative uses for biofuel in most of the developed world for the reasons: it is not poisonous, it does not cause air pollution or any environmental hazard, it does not contribute to the green house effect problem (CO2 addition to the atmosphere causing global warming), it has a higher octane rating than petrol as a fuel. That is, ethanol is an octane booster and anti-knocking agent, it is an excellent raw material for synthetic chemicals, ethanol provides jobs and economic development in rural areas, it reduces country’s dependence on petroleum and it is a source of non-oil revenue for any producing country, ethanol is capable of reducing the adverse, foreign trade balance.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The section entails the production of cassava starch powder and ethanol in a multi-product cassava processing plant. The starch powder is to be produced by utilizing the following equipment: hydrocyclone, spray dryer, air cyclone and atomizer. The hydrocyclone will be used to concentrate the starch solution and other screened.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Starch is one of the most abundant substances in nature, a renewable and almost unlimited resource. Starch is produced from grain or root crops. It is mainly used as food, but is also readily converted chemically, physically and biologically into many useful products to date; starch is used to produce such diverse products as food, paper, textiles, adhesives, beverages; confectioning, pharmaceuticals, and building materials. Cassava starch has many remarkable characteristics, including high paste viscosity, high paste clarity, and high freeze- thaw stability, which are advantageous to many industries.
Ethanol is generally produced by the fermentation of sugar, cellulose or converted starch and has along history. In Nigeria, local production of ethanol from maze, guinea corn, millet, cassava and cellulose is as old as the country itself. Apart from food and pharmaceutical uses, ethanol is finding itself alternative uses for biofuel in most of the developed world for the reasons: it is not poisonous, it does not cause air pollution or any environmental hazard, it does not contribute to the green house effect problem (CO2 addition to the atmosphere causing global warming), it has a higher octane rating than petrol as a fuel. That is, ethanol is an octane booster and anti-knocking agent, it is an excellent raw material for synthetic chemicals, ethanol provides jobs and economic development in rural areas, it reduces country’s dependence on petroleum and it is a source of non-oil revenue for any producing country, ethanol is capable of reducing the adverse, foreign trade balance.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The section entails the production of cassava starch powder and ethanol in a multi-product cassava processing plant. The starch powder is to be produced by utilizing the following equipment: hydrocyclone, spray dryer, air cyclone and atomizer. The hydrocyclone will be used to concentrate the starch solution and other screened.