Progression Of Dr. Reisberg's Four Stages (AD)
PROGRESSION OF AD
A disease may typically present with numerous symptoms and signs which are a crucial part in assisting a clinician to formulate a diagnosis. This is true in AD also, but on the contrary, it is more relevant to speak about the progression and different stages.
The progressively degenerative part of the disease implies that patient’s condition will imminently worsen in the future without any treatment. The timeline of decline is variable between different individuals, but we have established as a rough estimation the time between the different stages.
Developed in 1982 by Dr. Reisberg’s, the Global Deterioration Scale demonstrates 7 different clinical stages and has been commonly utilised throughout the world. Albeit, AD …show more content…
• Most individuals present with the inability to retain new information (learning). In particular, their short-term memory is affected greater than their long-term (implicit, episodic and semantic).
• Executive functions (e.g. the ability to plan, organise and problem solve and judge) can be impaired at the earlier stage. This leads to difficulties in several daily aspects of life such as paying bills and taking care of finances, ability to do housework and generally takes longer to carry out daily tasks resulting in increase need of assistance. Execution of motor skills like combing or dressing can be affected but in small percentage (apraxia – difficulty accomplishing motor planning and performing commands)
• Language problems can occur with reduced vocabulary, difficulty in word finding and generalised reduced fluency.
• Disorientation in familiar places begins. Subtle mood and behavioural changes are witnessed such as apathy, anxiety and withdrawal in 30% of …show more content…
• Cannot recognise familiar faces such as relatives.
• Not being able to retain new information is more noticeable and finds it difficult to cope in new environment.
• Executive functions and logical reasoning decline significantly.
• Loss of impulse control – such as the use of inappropriate language which in the normal state the person would not use or undressing in public places.
• Neuropsychiatric symptoms become more profound like becoming more paranoid, irritable, depression, delusions and hallucinations (usually visual). As more plaques and tangles get deposited within the brain it atrophies further. During this stage the patient may be restricted in bed all the time or most of the time. Individuals are reliant on carers and definitely cannot function independently.
• Weight loss
• Language is completely lost although there may be an attempt to communicate through sounds.
• Agitation and aggression is seen.
• As the deterioration continues sleep-wake cycle will be
A disease may typically present with numerous symptoms and signs which are a crucial part in assisting a clinician to formulate a diagnosis. This is true in AD also, but on the contrary, it is more relevant to speak about the progression and different stages.
The progressively degenerative part of the disease implies that patient’s condition will imminently worsen in the future without any treatment. The timeline of decline is variable between different individuals, but we have established as a rough estimation the time between the different stages.
Developed in 1982 by Dr. Reisberg’s, the Global Deterioration Scale demonstrates 7 different clinical stages and has been commonly utilised throughout the world. Albeit, AD …show more content…
• Most individuals present with the inability to retain new information (learning). In particular, their short-term memory is affected greater than their long-term (implicit, episodic and semantic).
• Executive functions (e.g. the ability to plan, organise and problem solve and judge) can be impaired at the earlier stage. This leads to difficulties in several daily aspects of life such as paying bills and taking care of finances, ability to do housework and generally takes longer to carry out daily tasks resulting in increase need of assistance. Execution of motor skills like combing or dressing can be affected but in small percentage (apraxia – difficulty accomplishing motor planning and performing commands)
• Language problems can occur with reduced vocabulary, difficulty in word finding and generalised reduced fluency.
• Disorientation in familiar places begins. Subtle mood and behavioural changes are witnessed such as apathy, anxiety and withdrawal in 30% of …show more content…
• Cannot recognise familiar faces such as relatives.
• Not being able to retain new information is more noticeable and finds it difficult to cope in new environment.
• Executive functions and logical reasoning decline significantly.
• Loss of impulse control – such as the use of inappropriate language which in the normal state the person would not use or undressing in public places.
• Neuropsychiatric symptoms become more profound like becoming more paranoid, irritable, depression, delusions and hallucinations (usually visual). As more plaques and tangles get deposited within the brain it atrophies further. During this stage the patient may be restricted in bed all the time or most of the time. Individuals are reliant on carers and definitely cannot function independently.
• Weight loss
• Language is completely lost although there may be an attempt to communicate through sounds.
• Agitation and aggression is seen.
• As the deterioration continues sleep-wake cycle will be