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Khanna, V. N., 1996. International Relations. 4th edition. New Dehli: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.…
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With that in mind, my partner and I negate the resolution. Resolved: Unilateral military force by the United States is justified to prevent nuclear proliferation.…
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With numerous efforts to bring equality and a just living in Sri Lanka, by the LTTE(Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ) and having failed, for the…
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The United Nations was created in a time of uneasy peace between the nations of the world. World War II had just ended. The League of Nations, the predecessor to the United Nations failed to prevent war. It, not unlike the American government when it was first created, did not have enough power to follow through with its decisions. After the war it was clearly seen that some major changes would have to be undertaken in order correct the problems that plagued the League of Nations.…
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Whilst nation states have a responsibility to protect, state sovereignty ultimately hinders the achievement of world order. State sovereignty relies to the ultimate law-making process of a state over its territory and population, including independence from external interference, as exemplified domestically in Section 51 of the Australian Constitution. Article 2(7) of the Charter of the United Nations (UN) (1945), stipulates that ‘nothing in the present Charter shall authorize the interference of any state’. Due to the non-mandatory nature of multilateral compliance, states can ultimately impede the influence of international law and use state sovereignty as a barrier to their conduct, as shown in the conflicts of Sudan, Kosovo, Libya and East Timor. However, the nationally acclaimed benchmark ‘Responsibility to Protect (R2P) (2005)’, originating from the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty’s Report, places the onus on nation states to ensure the protection of their citizens from instances of mass atrocity. The UN, enshrining of their doctrine under paragraph 138 and 139 of the Charter of the UN, bridges the limitations of state sovereignty with international law. Unfortunately, nation states may still abstain from participation with international law…
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Another important part of the UN is the General Assembly’s subsidiary body the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC). The UNHRC was established by the General Assembly as an inter-governmental organisation. It consists of 47 seats of states elected by the General Assembly to help protect and promote better human rights around the world. One of the most effective ways the UNHRC…
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Basically she points out many inconsistencies and contradictions of UN charters and resolutions on international rule of law and sovereignty, claiming that despite the fact UN recognizes all states as equal formally, still Security Council grants veto power to only five most powerful states. Also the author claims UN charters are implicit and ambiguous, or even too broad making it possible for some states to interpret these internationally accepted laws and concepts in their own interest so that to avoid conflict and criticism. She also indicates the challenge for individuals to get access to law because of the lack of mechanism, however individuals can prove theirs right through a very few means within the international system. The author uses very important and clear quotes of UN charters and descriptions regarding rule of law and sovereignty, however she fails to mention that the U.S. also should comply with international rule of…
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Sri Lanka had been under going a terrorist problem for over 20 years, thanks in part to the politicians, terrorists themselves and unscrupulous business interests. Over the years thousands of lives have been lost including the lives of a few of my friends. Some people choose to call it an ethnic war ...…
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The second part of this article, the author has used the UN Charter Articles to support his argument of SC resolutions as a source of International law. Article 24,25, and Chapter 7 of the UN Charter provide legitimacy and binding power to every member state in the United Nations, therefore given the SC the capability to become an international legislator.…
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I feel that a resolution should have been found for this conflict a long time ago. Many innocent civilians have died from the Sri Lanka civil war. I also feel that the United States should not get too involved in foreign situations. The war has gone on for too long.…
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The United Nations has played a crucial role in the international system since its beginning. It has been the main place where leaders from around the globe can communicate and work out issues. Its charter is admirable and includes goals, such as “saving future generations from the scourge of war has brought untold sorrow to mankind." The United Nations creates rules against violence, issues sanctions, and plays a peacekeeping/diplomatic role by creating ‘space’ between conflicted countries. It also helps countries raise their standard of living, creates jobs, and delivers aid to victims of natural disasters or war. The human rights and relief programs that the UN has initiated or supported are impressive indeed.…
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The history of war crimes tribunals only begins after World War II, when the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals were established. The Allied powers of World War I attempted to prosecute war crimes committed by the Axis powers, but no prosecutions by an international tribunal ever took place. A commission established…
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Accomplishments of the United Nations: During its 60-year history, the U.N. has achieved many remarkable accomplishments in fulfilling it goals. The U.N. has peacefully negotiated 172 peace settlements that have ended regional conflicts and is credited with participation in over 300 international treaties on topics as varied as human rights conventions to agreements on the use of outer space and the oceans. The U.N. has been involved in every major war and international crisis since its inception and has served as a catalyst for the prevention of others. It authorized the international coalitions that fought in the Korean War (1950-53) and the Persian Gulf War (1991). It provided a forum for mediation in the ArabIsraeli conflict resulting in numerous peace accords and keeping the conflict localized to the Middle East. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the U.N. was used as a podium by the United States to challenge the Soviet Union’s placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba. The embarrassment of public indictment was instrumental in forcing the Soviets to remove the missiles. U.N. military forces (provided by member states) have conducted over 35 peacekeeping missions providing security and reducing armed conflict. In 1988, the U.N. Peace-Keeping Forces received the Nobel Prize for Peace. The U.N. has also set up war crimes tribunals to try war criminals in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The U.N. has also made great strides in raising the consciousness of human rights beginning with the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” adopted by the General Assembly in 1948. The U.N. Commission on Human Rights through its investigations and technical assistance in promoting free and fair elections has helped many countries in the transition to democracy. The U.N.’s intense attention to specific human rights abuses helped end apartheid in South Africa. In its humanitarian efforts, more than 30 million refugees fleeing war, persecution, or famine have received aid from…
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The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose main objectives are stated to be; facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN delegates these responsibilities to various agencies which include 193 member states. The organization consists of six main bodies as well as several other prominent agencies. The success of the UN, measured given their main objectives, can be seen by many as a complete and utter failure in various instances. The main body which receives most blame for these failures would be the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), in charge of international peace and security. What seem to be countless cases of failure to provide humanitarian aid, failed peace keeping efforts, failure to prevent genocide, failure to implement provisions to Security Council resolutions, as well as many other highly publicized failures have plagued the UN’s reputation. Cases of such matters can hardly be used to defend the UN’s success in facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. Other bodies of the UN have also been put under scrutiny, most recently a controversy within The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Although the UN has also seen its successes, one could argue that there are clearly great weaknesses in the system of international organization which the UN presents.…
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For example, in 2014, it recommended that Sierra Leone “should expedite its efforts to abolish the death penalty and to ratify the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant”, UN Human Rights Committee, Concluding observations on the initial report of Sierra Leone. In 2009, it noted that while Russia had a de facto moratorium on executions since 1996, it “should take the necessary measures to abolish the death penalty de jure at the earliest possible moment, and consider acceding to the Second Optional Protocol to the Covenant” . In other cases, the Committee has also reiterated the importance of following the safeguards listed in Article 6 and other provisions of the ICCPR, and provided a roadmap to…
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