Psychodynamic Approach
Introduction to Psychology
Task 1
The psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious, and between the different structures of the personality. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed a collection of theories which have formed the basis of the psychodynamic approach to psychology.
On the other hand behaviourism refers to a psychological approach which places emphasis on scientific as well as objective methods of investigation. The approach is only concerned with observable stimulus-response behaviours, and states all behaviours are learned through interactions with the environment.
It is widely assumed that …show more content…
Due to this participants are more likely to behave normally and naturally. Because of this some researchers believe that field experiments have a higher ecological validity than laboratory experiments. Also with field experiments, it is less likely that demand characteristics will affect participant’s behaviour. Most participants are not aware they are involved in an experiment and as a result will not be aware of its purpose. On the other hand, because many variables cannot be controlled, it is difficult to replicate field experiments precisely. For example it would not be possible to replicate the same test at a tube station as people are constantly travelling. Furthermore from ethical standpoint, participants are being deceived as they are not aware they are taking part in an experiment. In most cases, participants in field experiments are not debriefed after the …show more content…
The experiment was to highlight that the environment is more powerful than genetics. It stresses that all behaviours are learnt, even things that we believe to be instinctual. During the experiment, when little Albert was presented with a white rat and then later other furry animals which he responded positively to. However when later presented with the same white rat accompanied by a loud clanging noise he generally developed fear for all furry animals. The two ethical issues identified were the principle of informed consent and participants’ right to withdraw from a research participation at any time. Neither of these conditions were met by Watson’s experiment on Albert as they broke the ethical code by not exercising due responsibility and respect to their
Task 1
The psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious, and between the different structures of the personality. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed a collection of theories which have formed the basis of the psychodynamic approach to psychology.
On the other hand behaviourism refers to a psychological approach which places emphasis on scientific as well as objective methods of investigation. The approach is only concerned with observable stimulus-response behaviours, and states all behaviours are learned through interactions with the environment.
It is widely assumed that …show more content…
Due to this participants are more likely to behave normally and naturally. Because of this some researchers believe that field experiments have a higher ecological validity than laboratory experiments. Also with field experiments, it is less likely that demand characteristics will affect participant’s behaviour. Most participants are not aware they are involved in an experiment and as a result will not be aware of its purpose. On the other hand, because many variables cannot be controlled, it is difficult to replicate field experiments precisely. For example it would not be possible to replicate the same test at a tube station as people are constantly travelling. Furthermore from ethical standpoint, participants are being deceived as they are not aware they are taking part in an experiment. In most cases, participants in field experiments are not debriefed after the …show more content…
The experiment was to highlight that the environment is more powerful than genetics. It stresses that all behaviours are learnt, even things that we believe to be instinctual. During the experiment, when little Albert was presented with a white rat and then later other furry animals which he responded positively to. However when later presented with the same white rat accompanied by a loud clanging noise he generally developed fear for all furry animals. The two ethical issues identified were the principle of informed consent and participants’ right to withdraw from a research participation at any time. Neither of these conditions were met by Watson’s experiment on Albert as they broke the ethical code by not exercising due responsibility and respect to their