Psychodynamic Perspective Analysis
In the late 19th century, the Psychodynamic perspective emerged, with major contributions made by Freud and Jung among others. The Psychodynamic perspective represents a way of seeing people as being made up of many different experiences and many aspects of self. It has three main concepts. The first is Past and Present Worlds, where we have potentially seven different significant people in our lives before the age of twelve where their way of being is interpreted as a message and how we cope with that message or react as a result. The second is Inner and Outer Worlds, where our subconscious affects how we think and behave. The third is A Divided Inner Self, where Freud stated that we are made up of the Id (subconscious and primal needs), the
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Behaviouralism has a strong emphasis on the individual as a product of their environment, and explores the connection between stimulus and response, and of reward and punishment in a persons learned behaviours. Behaviourists see the process of change as being enabled by people identifying their own problematic responses and then developing new non-problematic responses to the situation or stimuli that caused it. In 1902, Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936) discovered that once dogs had learned to associate the ringing of the bell with receiving food, they could be conditioned to salivate when they heard a bell, regardless of the presence of food. This became known as Classical Conditioning. Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997) developed systematic desensitisation, and his approach was to work with a patient to build a hierarchy of anxiety-inducing situations. A relaxation technique would be learned for each stage of the hierarchy, starting with the least anxiety-inducing first, and in time a patient would learn to associate relaxation with that stage, and the next stage, and so on. For example, if a person was afraid of mice, they could first be shown a cute drawing of a mouse, then a photograph of a real mouse, then a video of a mouse, the be in a room with a mouse in a cage, then be in the same room as a mouse allowed to
Behaviouralism has a strong emphasis on the individual as a product of their environment, and explores the connection between stimulus and response, and of reward and punishment in a persons learned behaviours. Behaviourists see the process of change as being enabled by people identifying their own problematic responses and then developing new non-problematic responses to the situation or stimuli that caused it. In 1902, Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936) discovered that once dogs had learned to associate the ringing of the bell with receiving food, they could be conditioned to salivate when they heard a bell, regardless of the presence of food. This became known as Classical Conditioning. Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997) developed systematic desensitisation, and his approach was to work with a patient to build a hierarchy of anxiety-inducing situations. A relaxation technique would be learned for each stage of the hierarchy, starting with the least anxiety-inducing first, and in time a patient would learn to associate relaxation with that stage, and the next stage, and so on. For example, if a person was afraid of mice, they could first be shown a cute drawing of a mouse, then a photograph of a real mouse, then a video of a mouse, the be in a room with a mouse in a cage, then be in the same room as a mouse allowed to