Psychology
Chapter 6: Learning
Truth:
* A single nauseating meal can give rise to a taste aversion that last for years. * Psychologist helped a young boy overcome his fear of rabbits by having him eat cookies while a rabbit was brought closer and closer. * Slot-machine players pop coins into machines most rapidly when they have no idea when they might win. * You can train a rat to climb a ramp, cross a bridge, climb a ladder, pedal a toy car, and do several other tasks-all in proper sequence. * Despite all the media hoopla, no scientific connection has been established between violence in the media and real-life aggression.
Fiction:
* During World War II, a psychologist created a missile that would use pigeons to guide missile to its target. * You have to make mistakes to learn.
Definition of Learning
*In psychology- It is more than listening to teachers, honing skateboard jumps, or mastering the use of an iPod.
*By strict behaviorist- Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that arises from practice or experience.
*By cognitive psychologists- define learning as a mental change that may or may not be associated with changes in behavior.
Classical Conditioning -is a simple form of associative learning that enables organisms to anticipate events. *Stimulus- an environmental condition that elicits a response. *Pavlov discovered that reflexes can also be learned, or conditioned, by association.
-The reflexes were conditional on the repeated pairing of a previously neutral stimulus (such as the changing of a food tray) and a stimulus (in this case, food) that evoked the target response (in this case, salivation). Today, conditional reflexes are generally referred to as conditioned responses.
Explaining Classical Conditioning
-Behaviorist views it as a simple form of learning which one stimulus comes to evoke the response usually evoked by another stimulus. -Cognitive Psychologists view it as the learning of
Truth:
* A single nauseating meal can give rise to a taste aversion that last for years. * Psychologist helped a young boy overcome his fear of rabbits by having him eat cookies while a rabbit was brought closer and closer. * Slot-machine players pop coins into machines most rapidly when they have no idea when they might win. * You can train a rat to climb a ramp, cross a bridge, climb a ladder, pedal a toy car, and do several other tasks-all in proper sequence. * Despite all the media hoopla, no scientific connection has been established between violence in the media and real-life aggression.
Fiction:
* During World War II, a psychologist created a missile that would use pigeons to guide missile to its target. * You have to make mistakes to learn.
Definition of Learning
*In psychology- It is more than listening to teachers, honing skateboard jumps, or mastering the use of an iPod.
*By strict behaviorist- Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that arises from practice or experience.
*By cognitive psychologists- define learning as a mental change that may or may not be associated with changes in behavior.
Classical Conditioning -is a simple form of associative learning that enables organisms to anticipate events. *Stimulus- an environmental condition that elicits a response. *Pavlov discovered that reflexes can also be learned, or conditioned, by association.
-The reflexes were conditional on the repeated pairing of a previously neutral stimulus (such as the changing of a food tray) and a stimulus (in this case, food) that evoked the target response (in this case, salivation). Today, conditional reflexes are generally referred to as conditioned responses.
Explaining Classical Conditioning
-Behaviorist views it as a simple form of learning which one stimulus comes to evoke the response usually evoked by another stimulus. -Cognitive Psychologists view it as the learning of