1. How many revisions of the standard have there been?
According to every site I look at SQL have had 3 major revisions and several minor ones, here as followed: SQ1, SQ2, and SQ3. SQ1 was founded in 1986 (when I was born). SQ2 was the major revision to the original SQL in 1992, and SQ3 was another major revision to SQL in 1999.
2. What was added in the most recent one?
In SQ-92 some features include; new data types defined, support for additional character sets, new set operations (also set differences and set intersections), support for alterations of schema definitions to name a few.
3. What features does each of the following have? What limits do they have? How do they compare to each other?
SQL Express features: Stored Procedures, SQL Server Configuration Manager, Views, Replication, Triggers, Advanced Query Optimizer, Cursors, SMO/RMO, sqlcmd and osql utilities, Integration with Visual Studio 2005, Snapshot Isolation Levels, Service Broker (as a client only)¹ Native XML support, including XQuery and XML Schemas SQL CLR, Transact-SQL language support, Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS), Dedicated Administrator Connection².
Oracle Express features: application builder for mobile, mobile and response themes, HTML5 charts, HTML5 item types, mobile calendar, packages applications, RESTful web services, Oracle Fail Safe, SQLJ, Oracle Developer Tools for Visual Studio .NET, Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator support, Active Directory integration, Native .NET Data Provider—ODP.NET,.NET Stored Procedures.
DB2 Express features: Bi-temporal data management using the time travel query feature.
Always on Transactions using High Availability and Disaster Recovery