rotating collagen fibers is loaded primarily in tension, which is similar to the fiber strengthening of a tire, when combined with an almost isovolumetric NP core (Galbusera et al., 2014).
Finally, the endplates participate in the distribution of the pressure that playing a role within the nucleus pulposus and tension in the annulus fibrosus of the vertebral bodies (Adams et al, 1996).The viscous fluid moves through the endplates, and the visco elastic stretching feature of collagen fibers in the annulus enables the disc to withstand loads.
Due to this fluid exchange, the intervertebral disc exhibits the creep and relaxation behavior under sustained loads typical of a
damper.
Once the spine is under pressure, the jelly-like annulus fibrosus redistributes itself to imbibe the impact of the pressure. The gel becomes dehydrated with aging and the spine is able to absorb less shock. Moreover, the outer layer in the annulus fibrosus degenerates with aging and can begin to tear, and this lead to chronic back pain for some people.