Razak Report vs Rahman Talib Report
Educational Development in Malaysia: Meeting the Challenges of National Integration
Seminar presented by Associate Professor Anna
Christina Abdullah
INTRODUCTION
• Malaysia occupies the southernmost peninsula of Southeast Asia and the northern one-third of Borneo. • It became a nation on September 16, 1963 when Sabah and Sarawak joined Malaya which had earlier gained independence from the British on August 31, 1957 to form a single federation. • Malaysia has a democratically elected government with a constitutional monarch.
Population (26,640,200)
• Malaysia - multi-ethnic population consisting of native (bumiputera) and ‘immigrant’ (non-bumiputera) ethnic groups. • Malays - main indigenous ethnic group. The main ‘immigrant’ groups -Chinese and Indians • Bumiputeras 65.1% (2000). • Chinese 26.0 % • Indians 7.7 %
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA
• • •
Primitive and Feudal Period (35,000BCE-1786)
The first human beings arrived in East Malaysia around 35,000BCE and in West Malaysia around 25,000BCE. On the peninsula, the aboriginal people are collectively known as the Orang Asli. The modern Malays are the descendents of the Deutero-Malays – an amalgam of many early ethnic groups including Indians, Chinese, Siamese, Arabs, and Proto-Malays. During the 13th century, a great maritime kingdom called Srivijaya emerged in the Malay Archipelago. However, as other ports emerged towards the end of the 13th century, Srivijaya’s influence declined and paved the way for the Malays to emerge as the dominant power in the Malay Archipelago. Malacca was founded in 1400 by Parameswara, a prince from Sumatra.The strategic location of the port of Malacca at the narrowest part of the Straits of Malacca allowed it to control the lucrative spice trade. Revenue from port taxes and services greatly enriched Malacca. Muslim traders from Arabia and India brought Islam to Malacca. Soon after establishing his kingdom, Parameswara converted from Hinduism to Islam
Seminar presented by Associate Professor Anna
Christina Abdullah
INTRODUCTION
• Malaysia occupies the southernmost peninsula of Southeast Asia and the northern one-third of Borneo. • It became a nation on September 16, 1963 when Sabah and Sarawak joined Malaya which had earlier gained independence from the British on August 31, 1957 to form a single federation. • Malaysia has a democratically elected government with a constitutional monarch.
Population (26,640,200)
• Malaysia - multi-ethnic population consisting of native (bumiputera) and ‘immigrant’ (non-bumiputera) ethnic groups. • Malays - main indigenous ethnic group. The main ‘immigrant’ groups -Chinese and Indians • Bumiputeras 65.1% (2000). • Chinese 26.0 % • Indians 7.7 %
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA
• • •
Primitive and Feudal Period (35,000BCE-1786)
The first human beings arrived in East Malaysia around 35,000BCE and in West Malaysia around 25,000BCE. On the peninsula, the aboriginal people are collectively known as the Orang Asli. The modern Malays are the descendents of the Deutero-Malays – an amalgam of many early ethnic groups including Indians, Chinese, Siamese, Arabs, and Proto-Malays. During the 13th century, a great maritime kingdom called Srivijaya emerged in the Malay Archipelago. However, as other ports emerged towards the end of the 13th century, Srivijaya’s influence declined and paved the way for the Malays to emerge as the dominant power in the Malay Archipelago. Malacca was founded in 1400 by Parameswara, a prince from Sumatra.The strategic location of the port of Malacca at the narrowest part of the Straits of Malacca allowed it to control the lucrative spice trade. Revenue from port taxes and services greatly enriched Malacca. Muslim traders from Arabia and India brought Islam to Malacca. Soon after establishing his kingdom, Parameswara converted from Hinduism to Islam