Figure 1. Firing Rate of Tonic Receptor in Response to Stretch. The correlation between Firing Rate and Stretch of the slow adapting crayfish receptor for four different sets of data is represented in this figure. The recordings are taken at stretches of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm of the crayfish tail. The best fit lines for the different sets of data are as follows: Ali and Emily- Linear best fit line, Dave and Laura- Exponential best fit line, Jimmy and Amina-Exponential best fit line, Tala and Jen-Linear best fit line).…
Starfish are very unique creatures. Starfish are sometimes called sea stars. They are classified as invertebrate Echinoderm. Starfish are commonly found in rocky tide pools and are sometimes found washed up onto shore of all the world oceans. They live in tropical waters and on the seafloors of colder climate. Starfish does not have blood. They have a water vascular system where the starfish pumps sea water through it sieve plate or madreporite into its tube to extend them.…
There was a time in history when the oceans were overly polluted with trash of various sorts. The water was so polluted and the food source for the ocean life was diminishing. This was the habitat of the blowfish. Their food became so scarce they began to eat the very things that were polluting the waters. The blowfish began to mutate with what they were eating. The Bottle Blowfish came to be from a mutation between a plastic bottle and its consumer, the blowfish.…
Monterey Bay is one of the most well known ecosystems in the United States here's a little about it. Monterey bay is home to 525 species of fish, 180 types of seabirds and shorebirds, and Monterey bay has a abundant amount of invertebrates and algae. Monterey bay also has a beautiful environment. Including the sandy dunes, rocky cliffs, rolling hills, steep mountains, and kelp forests. The total length of Monterey bay is over 5360 miles across. In that 5360 miles is the nation's largest kelp forest and canyons. One of the many organisms that live in the kelp forest is the Foliate Kelp Crab.…
The invading Asian shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus), has been a growing cause for concern for over a decade in Southeastern Massachusetts. It is suspected that the species was first introduced in the U.S. as adults or larvae present in ballast water discharged from incoming global trade ships. The first specimen in the U.S. was recorded in Townsend Inlet, Cape May County, NJ in 1988. The first appearance in Massachusetts was near Woods Hole on Cape Cod in 1992. By 1994, the Asian shore crab was identified in my hometown of Fairhaven, MA. As a precautionary measure, the ballast water of incoming international trade ships are monitored to prevent and eradicate new introductions of the species. Researchers are also conducting experiments to…
Crayfish are crustacean invertebrates that have neurogenic hearts. The myocardial cells need neural input from the cardiac ganglion to be able to beat whereas the myogenic hearts of vertebrates will beat without neural input. The neural input sets the resting heart rate and contractile force of the neurogenic heart. The heart rate of the neurogenic and myogenic hearts is regulated by neurotransmitters. Hearts in vertebrates are excited by epinephrine and serotonin although with varied effects and inhibited by acetylcholine. Invertebrates’ heart rates can be increased due to acetylcholine, serotonin and epinephrine. Crayfish heart rates will decrease as temperature decreases because they are poikilotherms. The heart rate slows due to decreased…
Description: The rainbow parrotfish is the largest fish in the Atlantic to eat plants. Males can grow to lengths of 1.2 meters, or almost 4 feet long. There are two forms of males. “Initial phase” is the phase when males are drab in color and have a similar appearance to females. In the “terminal phase”, males are neon and rainbow colored; this is where their name comes from. The fins are orange with streaks of green branching towards the back and tail. They have teeth that are merged to form a tough parrot-like beak, which is also where they get their name, is used to rake algae and other organic materials from the outside of coral.…
So, you are a Betta fish owner, or are soon to be one. In my experience learning how to care for Betta fish, they have been one of the most exciting and rewarding pets to own. As colorful, beautiful, and interactive as they may be, they will not last long without the proper care being given to them. So whether you are a veteran or a brand-new Betta fish owner this guide serves to clear up misconceptions about these pets and give you solid advice so that your pet can live as long (and happily) as possible. Additionally, I have provided you with several excellent care resources at the bottom of the article.…
Basses are several types of fish in the order Perciformes. Largemouth bass are green with a blotchy horizontal stripe. Striped bass are silvery, with seven or eight narrow horizontal stripes. European sea bass are silver, with one faint stripe. Chilean sea bass is dark mottled gray. The flesh of both pelagic and freshwater basses is light-colored and firm.…
Imagine being in a country roughly the same size as the United States (U.S.) and having over four times the population. Imagine having a limited water supply due to pollution. Imagine having a wall built across your entire country. Imagine a country that frowns upon religion and only allows you to have one child. All these things are true for the country of China. Over the following paragraphs, I will discuss the world’s largest military and some of the struggles that the Chinese people face on a daily basis.…
One of the major characteristics of Coal Creek is its lack of vertebrate life. In aquatic environments, a deficiency in biomass can be due to chemical factors or biotic factors. Chemical analysis of the drainage basin have been studied since 2012, but the chemical composition was found to be compatible with life. Previous data gathered from personal communication with Kim Weaver Ph.D revealed that an experiment conducted by Scott Potter showed elevated aluminum concentrations within Coal Creek. Further analysis conducted by Anthony London revealed that chlorophyll samples collected from the creek fluoresced in the yellow spectrum. The overall data collected from Coal Creek has the capacity to select for certain life forms rather than eliminate vertebrate life.…
Any sportsman will tell you that knowing your subject matter inside and out brings the best results. Bass fishing is no exception. Anyone can throw a line in the water, and lucky ones will even get a strike without ever knowing just how they did it. Once you know great techniques, you can then apply them to your fishing habits. Knowing and perfecting bass fishing techniques will not only give you the best results in fishing habits but will also bring higher yields in bass on the line. Determine the following criteria before beginning:…
The Asian carp is an invasive species that is vastly multiplying across lakes and rivers in the United States. Asian carp are a type of large fish from Southeast Asia. These carp are more traditionally known as Black carp, Silver carp, and Bighead carp. Asian carp were originally brought into the United States to be put into aquaculture ponds to filter and clean the water. After a flood in Arkansas, the Asian carp escaped from the aquaculture ponds and made their ways into many other waterways. A common place or the Asian Carp to be found is in the Illinois River. In the river, the carp are stronger and out compete the native fish for resources which…
vannamei. The range of phosphate levels seen in the feeder canal and shrimp ponds of the present study were much higher than that recorded by Sahu et al. (2013) in P. monodon culture ponds of eastern India. Phosphorous a nutritive element occurs as orthophosphate in water and is essential for aquatic life (Esteves, 1998; Ferreira et al., 2011). Rise in salinity increases the release of phosphate into the water column (Pereira Cardozo et al., 2011; Gireeshkumar et al., 2013). In water, inorganic phosphate levels are dependent on both external sources and also from the release of trapped in sediments (García and de Iorio 2003). Nitrate and phosphate demonstrated an insignificant negative correlation was salinity in the feeder canal and Pond 4 and a similar observation was recorded by Martin et al. (2008) in the Cochin estuary. In other sites (Ponds 1, 2 and 3), salinity showed an insignificant inverse relationship with…
Aquatic macro-invertebrates have been found sensitive to changes in their environment and a feature that has been proven useful in the quest to find indicators of environmental conditions. The community characteristics of macro-invertebrates, such as diversity and richness, are often used as indicators of the degree of pollution of water bodies to supplement and deepen the meanings of physico-chemical information (Abel 1989, Arimoro et al. 2007, Barton 1996, Hellawell 1978, Plafkin et al. 1989, Silva et al. 2009, Wright et al. 1984). In order to achieve and maintain the highest water quality in lakes, rivers, and streams, environmental advocates are using the resident organisms living in these waters as sensitive indicators of change. The following are specific research question and objective.…