Foreclosure-
an adolescent's premature establishment of an identity based on parental choices, not on his or her own
Identity Diffusion- inability to develop a clear direction or sense of self; adolescent has few commitments to goals and values, and seems apathetic about finding an identity; if an identity crisis has been experienced, it has not been resolved
Moratorium-
adolescent experiments with goals and values by abandoning some of those set by parents and society; no definite commitments have been made to occupations or ideologies; the adolescent is in the midst of an identity crisis
Identity Achievement- adolescent establishes an identity in which clear decisions about occupations and ideologies have been consciously made
General Principles of Social Learning Theory people can learn by observing the behaviors of others & the outcomes of those behaviors, learning can occur without a change in behavior, the consequences of behavior play a role in learning, cognition (to perceive or understand) plays a role in learning
Educational Implications of Social Learning Theory students often learn a great deal simply by observing other people, describing the consequences of behaviors can effectively increase appropriate behaviors & decrease inappropriate ones
Educational Implications of Social Learning Theory modeling provides an alternative to shaping for teaching new behaviors, teachers & parents must model appropriate behaviors and take care that they don't model inappropriate ones
Age
Skills
2-year-olds
Walk with wide stance and body sway. Can climb, push, pull, run, hang by both hands. Have little endurance. Reach for objects with two hands.
3-year-olds
Keep legs closer together when walking and running. Can run and move more smoothly. Reach for objects with one hand. Smear and