Related Literature
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
In order to develop a thorough understanding and deeper insight into previous works and trends that is relevant to the subject, as well as to reach specific goals of the study, the researchers considered a number of references, both foreign and local. These references presented in this chapter were gathered through journals, magazines, books, and other reading materials. It is also includes related foreign and local literature and studies acquired through the internet, past thesis and case studies of the same field and discipline. This provides a background for the discussion to analyze the findings of the present investigations.
Foreign Literature For the millions of poor in developing areas of the world, urban areas have always been a means for improving their quality of living and environment, besides getting better jobs and incomes. This, in contrast to deteriorating conditions in the rural areas has generated a considerable flow of migrants to cities. One of the dilemmas that they face and which persists for a long period is the question of an adequate house. The definition of Mason,O.S. & Fraser, C., (1998) takes the environmental, socio economic and living conditions more into account. They describe informal settlements as:
Dense settlements comprising communities housed inself-constructed shelters under conditions of informal or traditional land tenure. They are a common feature of developing countries and are typically the product of an urgent need for shelter by the urban poor. As such they are characterized by a dense proliferation of small, makeshift shelters built from diverse materials (such as plastic, tin sheeting and wooden planks), by degradation of the local ecosystem (for example, erosion and poor water quality and sanitation) and by severe social problems. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (2008) differentiate slum settlement to squatter settlement. The word slum
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
In order to develop a thorough understanding and deeper insight into previous works and trends that is relevant to the subject, as well as to reach specific goals of the study, the researchers considered a number of references, both foreign and local. These references presented in this chapter were gathered through journals, magazines, books, and other reading materials. It is also includes related foreign and local literature and studies acquired through the internet, past thesis and case studies of the same field and discipline. This provides a background for the discussion to analyze the findings of the present investigations.
Foreign Literature For the millions of poor in developing areas of the world, urban areas have always been a means for improving their quality of living and environment, besides getting better jobs and incomes. This, in contrast to deteriorating conditions in the rural areas has generated a considerable flow of migrants to cities. One of the dilemmas that they face and which persists for a long period is the question of an adequate house. The definition of Mason,O.S. & Fraser, C., (1998) takes the environmental, socio economic and living conditions more into account. They describe informal settlements as:
Dense settlements comprising communities housed inself-constructed shelters under conditions of informal or traditional land tenure. They are a common feature of developing countries and are typically the product of an urgent need for shelter by the urban poor. As such they are characterized by a dense proliferation of small, makeshift shelters built from diverse materials (such as plastic, tin sheeting and wooden planks), by degradation of the local ecosystem (for example, erosion and poor water quality and sanitation) and by severe social problems. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (2008) differentiate slum settlement to squatter settlement. The word slum