Preview

Relationship Between Nicotine And Baclofen

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
287 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Relationship Between Nicotine And Baclofen
4.3. Interactions between nicotine and baclofen

Activation of nAChRs within different areas of brain enhances release of several neurotransmitters including: glutamate,dopamine,norepinephrine, serotonin, ,gamma amino butyric acid(Wonnacott, 1997), (Benowitz, 2008) The regulation of releasing these neurotransmitters which is induced by nicotine`s effects depending on various postsynaptic receptors, is the usual mechanism by which nicotine modulates behavior (Benowitz, 2008).As we mentioned above activation of GABA B receptors in VTA block DA releasing in NAc(Koob, 1992; Mueller and Brodie, 1989; Xi and Stein, 1998)
In addition previous studies provide clear evidence for involvement of GABAB receptors agonist baclofen in decreases the withdrawl
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    short lab report bio 102
    • 1527 Words
    • 10 Pages

    short lab report bio 102

    Now in the case of nicotine it is known that, “ is mostly excitatory, inhibitory at some sites, activating receptors between some neurons of CNS, and neuromuscular junctions in PNS” (CCNY lab manual, 2014). According to Adam Cloe, Nicotine looks like a neurotransmitter that are called acetylcholine, and as a result nicotine can increase acetylcholine signaling through the brain (2011). We all know that acetylcholine is essential for the movement of our muscles, so an excess of it could cause paralysis and asphyxiation ( web.williams). Therefore we ended up hypothesizing that increasing the concentration of nicotine would decrease the pulsation rate. In this case we used 0.05mM, 0.25mM, and 1.0mM concentrations of nicotine.…

    • 1527 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Parasympathetic Irenergic Receptor Agonist Research Paper
    • 4271 Words
    • 18 Pages

    Parasympathetic Irenergic Receptor Agonist Research Paper

    “muscarinic receptor agonists” cholinergic agonists are drugs that act on acetylcholine receptors, thus causing excitation of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system there are 2 types of acetylcholine receptors 1) NICOTINIC RECEPTORS - are receptor-mediated ion channels - 3 types RECEPTOR TYPE MUSCLE TYPE GANGLION TYPE LOCATION - neuromuscular junction - sympathetic autonomic ganglia - parasympathetic autonomic ganglia - CNS…

    • 4271 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Effects of Nicotine on Brain
    • 4120 Words
    • 17 Pages

    Effects of Nicotine on Brain

    Livingstone P.D. et al. 2009. α7 and non-α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate dopamine release in vitro and in vivo in the rat prefrontal cortex. EJN. 29:539-550.…

    • 4120 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Discuss Biological or Psychological Methods of Stress Management
    • 790 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Discuss Biological or Psychological Methods of Stress Management

    The group of drugs most commonly used to treat anxiety and stress are Benzodiazepines, this drug slows down the activity of the central nervous system. GABA is a neurotransmitter, which is the body’s natural form of anxiety relief, when it is released it has a general quieting effect on many of the neurons in the brain. It does this by reacting with GABA receptors on the outside of receiving neurons. When GABA locks into these receptors it opens a channel which increases the flow of chloride ions into the neuron. Chloride ions make it harder for the neuron to be stimulated by other neuro-transmitters, which slows the activity down and makes the person feel more relaxed. Benzodiazepines enhance the action of GABA by binding special sites on the GABSA receptor and boosting the action of GABA. This allows even more chloride ions to be released into the neuron, therefore making the brain even more resistant to excitation.…

    • 790 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Pharmacology
    • 481 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Pharmacology

    Explain: the structure of GABAA receptor complex and location of Benzodiazepine’s and barbiturate’s binding sites on GABAA receptors.…

    • 481 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Nicotinic Receptors
    • 85 Words
    • 1 Page

    Nicotinic Receptors

    These receptors are present in different locations, have different mechanisms of signal transduction, and also have different functions. Nicotinic receptors are present in the central nervous system (CNS), somatic nervous system (neuromuscular junction) and both sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic ganglia. Binding of ACh to these receptors leads to influx of sodium ion and depolarization. Muscarinic receptors are found in the CNS, at the parasympathetic nervous system (cardiac conduction system, smooth muscles and exocrine gland), sympathetic nervous system (sweat gland) and prejunctionally at the neuromuscular…

    • 85 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Benzodiazepines Work By Reducing Brain Activity
    • 322 Words
    • 1 Page

    Benzodiazepines Work By Reducing Brain Activity

    As GABA is initially enhanced by Benzodiazepines, excitatory neurotransmitters: Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Acetyl Choline and Dopamine are reduced. These neurotransmitters are necessary for alertness, muscle tone, coordination, memory, emotional responses, endocrine gland hormones, heart rate, blood pressure control and other functions. As a result, all these may be impaired by benzodiazepines.…

    • 322 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    PSY300 Foundations of Psychology
    • 2978 Words
    • 12 Pages

    PSY300 Foundations of Psychology

    Narahashi, T., Fenster, C. P., Quick, M. W., Lester, R. J., Marszalec, W., Aistrup, G. L., Sattelle, D. B., Martin, B. R., & Levin, E. D. (2000, Oct.). Symposium Overview: Mechanism of Action of Nicotine on Neuronal Acetylcholine Receptors, from Molecule to Behavior. Toxicological Science, 57(2). Retrieved from http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/content/57/2/193.full.pdf+html…

    • 2978 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Motivation and the Brain
    • 1569 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Motivation and the Brain

    The process of trying to quit smoking is harder than one could ever imagine. This addiction will have you on a terrible emotional roller coaster where you’ll begin to have mixed emotions about what to do. People already smoke cigarettes for totally different reasons, such as loosing weight, relieving stress, and to control unwanted feelings. In the beginning your negative emotions will begin to over power the positive. On one hand your intellect knows that smoking cigarettes is a terrible thing to do to your body and your environment, and you want to quit, but on the other hand the biological brain has been formed to seek gratification and avoid grief. When it comes to trying to quit smoking several brain functions and structures are involved with this process as well as your environment and heredity. This paper will discuss the brain structures and functions that are involved with your behavior and emotions to drive people to smoke and quit smoking. And it will also discuss weather or not smoking is hereditary and how much effect the environment has on an individual who is trying to quit smoking.…

    • 1569 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Postganglionic Nervous Research Paper
    • 285 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Postganglionic Nervous Research Paper

    When substances like acetylcholine and norepinephrine are released in the body, they tend to bind to receptors, tissues and neurons. These neurotransmitters transfer signals throughout the nervous system and stimulates action potentials in the postganglionic neurons. Receptors found on the ANS and PNS includes the cholinergic receptors, which consists of all sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic, sympathetic postganglionic and all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons. The cholinergic receptors are found in the postsynaptic plasma membrane. The cholinergic receptors include two types- nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Both of which are activated by acetylcholine. The nicotinic receptors are found in the postganglionic region of…

    • 285 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Major Depressive Disorder Studies
    • 766 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Major Depressive Disorder Studies

    GABA is the principal neurotransmitter mediating neural inhibition in the brain. GABAergic neurons are present throughout all levels of the neuraxis, represent between 20 and 40% of all neurons depending on brain region, and are known to balance and fine tune excitatory neurotransmission of various neuronal systems including the monoaminergic and cholinergic projections to the…

    • 766 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    States Of Consciousness Research Paper
    • 1453 Words
    • 6 Pages

    States Of Consciousness Research Paper

    The third stage of the sleep cycle is when your brain has slow and deep brain waves called delta waves. During this stage people become less responsive and noises around them generally fail to generate any response from them.…

    • 1453 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Smokeless Tobacco Research Paper
    • 2244 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Smokeless Tobacco Research Paper

    It has an important part in regulating mood and pleasure, both serving as a trigger for the synthesis of adrenaline and noradrenaline and acting as a neurotransmitter. When nicotine goes to the brain, it produces a rush of dopamine into the bloodstream, causing the user to become more relaxed and calm. In this respect, nicotine's chemical action is very similar to such other drugs as cocaine, amphetamines ,and morphine. In effect, each time a smokeless tobacco user puts a pinch of tobacco in his or her mouth or inhales some powder, he or she gets a powerfully reinforcing and rewarding chemical message from the brain that, over a short period of time, will cause physical and emotional dependence on tobacco. However, because the body quickly becomes used to nicotine through a process called "tolerance," users experience a gradual rise in the amount of tobacco they need to get the same physiological…

    • 2244 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Atherosclerosis Causes
    • 1536 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Atherosclerosis Causes

    Have you ever observed a smoker enjoying the momentary pleasure of nicotine contained in each needed cigarette? He would probably inhale slowly and allow the smoke to travel down his windpipe. Unfortunately, along with each cigarette is the need for another cigarette, thus furthering the addiction uncontrollably. As his lungs are filling with nicotine, his bloodstream is carrying nicotine throughout his body systems, adversely affecting the heart and brain.…

    • 1536 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Dylan Evans
    • 6216 Words
    • 25 Pages

    Dylan Evans

    CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism Of Action Varenicline binds with high affinity and selectivity at α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The efficacy of CHANTIX in smoking cessation is believed to be the result of varenicline’s activity at a sub-type of the nicotinic receptor where its binding produces agonist activity, while simultaneously preventing nicotine binding to α4β2 receptors. Electrophysiology studies in vitro and neurochemical studies in vivo have shown that varenicline binds…

    • 6216 Words
    • 25 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More

Related Topics