Remove The Ladder, By Dr. Ha-Joon Chang

The book, Remove the ladder, in a book written by Dr. Ha-Joon Chang, born in South Korea, 1963 and remains one of the most influential and prominent in the world thanks to his writings as the book heterodox economists read "Remove the ladder "or in its English version" Kicking away the ladder. " He is an expert in development economics and works within the paradigm of the new institutional economics. Currently he is working in Cambridge as a lecturer, but has also been a consultant to the World Bank and Investment Bank as well as Oxfam and various United Nations agencies. He is a member of the Center for Economic and Policy Research in Washington D.C., besides being also known as the inspirer of the economic ideas of the current president of
But also they emerged illegal practices such as industrial espionage, smuggling machinery or non-recognition of foreign patents. It was even prevent technology transfer to potential competitors. European powers stressing that prevented from leaving the country new technologies destined for potential competitors are also interrelated, the flow of skilled workers is prevented, and even nor the rights of intellectual property of other countries are respected in addition to practicing espionage Industrial
Thanks these policies intended to separate colonies in the industry, even to outlaw certain manufacturing activities and prohibiting their export when they could compete with products from countries in the process of industrialization and so the use of tariffs was banned by of the colonial authorities.
As for the semi-dependent countries to prevent the development of manufacturing developed countries (PAD) free trade imposed on them by the "unequal treaties" that industrial development stagnating and imposed tariff ceilings.
With over competing nations, loa PAD focused on preventing the departure of its top-level technologies and in turn less developed countries tried to recruit qualified employees the most advanced countries.
You are above strategies were followed by countries like the United States, England, France, Germany, Sweden and some Asian countries like Japan.
Chang's analysis cites the industrial, trade and technology policies (ICT) in industrialized countries in earlier times compared with those of today's developing countries, once the productivity gap necessary overcome the current developing countries are less protectionist the PAD of the past.

Chapter 3: Institutions and economic development: good governance in historical