Representative Elements Chapter 19
Anderson Kuo
Period 1
CHAPTER 19 – The Representative Elements: Groups 1A through 4A
-19.1- A Survey of the Representative Elements
I. Elements
A. Representative Elements: Groups 1A through 8A ← Filling s and p orbitals ← First member of a group forms the strongest ( bonds; results in diatomic molecules
B. Transition Elements: center of the table ← Filling d orbitals
C. Lanthanides & Actinides: listed separately, on the bottom on the table ← Filling 4f and 5f orbitals
II. Metals/Nonmetals/Metalloids
A. Metals: ← Lose valence electrons to form cations ← Exhibiting valence electron configuration of the noble gas from the preceding period ← Metallic character increases going …show more content…
Carbon Family ← ns2np2 valence-electron configuration ← contains two of the most important elements on earth: • carbon, the fundamental constituent of the molecules necessary for life, and silicon, which forms the basis of the geologic world ← lighter members are nonmetals; heavier metals are metals • all group members can form covalent bonds to nonmetals
B. Carbon ← Carbon compounds cannot react with Lewis bases to form two additional covalent bonds b/c of the small atomic size of carbon and because there are no d orbitals on carbon to accommodate the extra electrons ← Occurs in the earth’s crust mainly in two allotropic forms – graphite and diamond ← Carbon dioxide is a product of human and animal respiration and of the combustion of fossil fuels; produced by fermentation
C. Silicon ← Second most abundant element in the earth’s crust ← Approximately 85% of the earth’s crust is composed of silica and silicates ← Majorly used in semiconductors for electronic devices
D. Germanium ← Relatively rare element ← A semimetal used mainly in the manufacture of semiconductors for transistors and similar electronic
Period 1
CHAPTER 19 – The Representative Elements: Groups 1A through 4A
-19.1- A Survey of the Representative Elements
I. Elements
A. Representative Elements: Groups 1A through 8A ← Filling s and p orbitals ← First member of a group forms the strongest ( bonds; results in diatomic molecules
B. Transition Elements: center of the table ← Filling d orbitals
C. Lanthanides & Actinides: listed separately, on the bottom on the table ← Filling 4f and 5f orbitals
II. Metals/Nonmetals/Metalloids
A. Metals: ← Lose valence electrons to form cations ← Exhibiting valence electron configuration of the noble gas from the preceding period ← Metallic character increases going …show more content…
Carbon Family ← ns2np2 valence-electron configuration ← contains two of the most important elements on earth: • carbon, the fundamental constituent of the molecules necessary for life, and silicon, which forms the basis of the geologic world ← lighter members are nonmetals; heavier metals are metals • all group members can form covalent bonds to nonmetals
B. Carbon ← Carbon compounds cannot react with Lewis bases to form two additional covalent bonds b/c of the small atomic size of carbon and because there are no d orbitals on carbon to accommodate the extra electrons ← Occurs in the earth’s crust mainly in two allotropic forms – graphite and diamond ← Carbon dioxide is a product of human and animal respiration and of the combustion of fossil fuels; produced by fermentation
C. Silicon ← Second most abundant element in the earth’s crust ← Approximately 85% of the earth’s crust is composed of silica and silicates ← Majorly used in semiconductors for electronic devices
D. Germanium ← Relatively rare element ← A semimetal used mainly in the manufacture of semiconductors for transistors and similar electronic