Water is the most important environmental factor in early human settlement. Physical features rivers, lakes, and inland seas were good sources of fresh water.Topography is the second environmental factor, it refers to the shape and elevation of the land.It includes features like mountains, hills, plains, valleys, and deserts. Vegetation is the third environmental factor which is in charge of plant life. There are many kinds of vegetation, such as trees, bushes, flowers, grass, and reeds.
Wherever people settled in the ancient world, water, topography, and vegetation were important factors. In fact, thanks to the environmental factors it influenced the early settlements of the Egyptians, Kushites, and Isrealites. The Egyptians and Kushites both settled near The Nile River. The Egyptians lived north of the Nile River and the Kushites lived south of the Nile Rivers. The most important physical feature in ancient Egypt and Kush was the Nile River. Flowing north from east Africa, the Nile created a long, fertile valley that ended in a marshy delta where the river emptied into the Mediterranean