Research Paper On Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a severe illness of the brain that involves impulsive, recurring attacks. It involves numerous diverse conditions that cause prolonged seizures. One seizure does not specify epilepsy, but when the seizures are frequent, it might be a diagnosing of epilepsy. The major trait of seizure is the abrupt events that affect behaviors, body movements or thoughts that patients are not able to regulate (Devinsky, 2011).
The epileptic seizure usually manifests with symptoms like abnormal sensory phenomena, involuntary movements, intensified autonomic activities or brief conflicts of behavior based on the epileptic disorder’s localization. The pathologic electrical discharge visible in ECG while seizures are happening and in interictal periods
The epileptic seizures constantly reflect the abnormal hyper synchronous electrical activities of the neurons instigated by the imbalances between the brain’s excitation and inhibition. The neurons interconnect in a complicated network where every neuron is connected through the synapses with numerous others. As a result, small electrical currents are discharged by the neurons in a bid to discharge neurotransmitters of the synaptic degree to allow communication with one another. Numerous neuromodulators or neurotransmitters are established to have a responsibility in the neuronal excitation. Nonetheless, the main excitatory neurotransmitters inside the brain are the L-glutamate (Engel, 2013). As such, the abnormal operations of the L-glutamate could lead to a seizure. The excited neurons will trigger the subsequent neurons while the inhibitory neurons do not. The normal discharging of neurons involves a repetitive discharge at the low baseline frequencies, and it is the incorporated electrical activities established by the neurons. If the neurons are injured, damaged, or experience metabolic or electrical insult, the changes in the discharging pattern might develop. Regarding epilepsy, the normal low-frequency discharges are substituted by the surges of the discharges of high-frequency normally followed by inactive periods. Epileptic seizures are caused when the
In the trauma of adults, vascular brain illnesses and brain tumors are among the most popular causes of epilepsy. Conversely, the most common causes among kids are infections, perinatal injuries, metabolic defects, genetic diseases and congenital malformations (Stephen and Brodie, 2011). Nonetheless, the causes of epilepsy are still unsolved in a huge number of the patients (Engel, 2013). The genetic factors could incline to epilepsy. In most cases, epileptic episodes are a result of interactions of numerous environment and genes, and in limited cases, the causes are linked to the single gene