There are eating with there right hands from a circular dish on the center on a strip of matting about 4 feet wide. White portrayed the man and woman in detail such as the man’s side-shaved head, his feather, and the woman’s three-string bead necklace. De Bry’s made considerable changes in this watercolor as well. He included surroundings while White’s original work didn’t visualize any specific details of surroundings. In the De Bry’s engraving, a gourd water vessel, a skin bag, and a tobacco pipe are added as if he was showing luxury Indian’s life. More interestingly, De Bry titled the engraving “Their sitting at meate,” which was originally written in ink at the top on the White’s watercolor. As in “meate,” De Bry pictured more meat in his engraving: “walnuts, a fish, four husked ears of maize and a scallop or clam shell.” Also he depicted a man on the right side more muscular, and a woman on the left side a little plump describing their wealthy daily lives. Furthermore, there are differences in their faces. Their faces are more skinner and a man seems to have a stronger feature. What De Bry might have thought was to make Indians faces close to Europeans’ in order to familiarize their…
Love is a dangerous thing. In the story “The Lady or the Tiger” by Frank Stockton, a princess must make a challenging decision that will determines her lover’s fate. When a man is put on trial for loving the princess, he relies on her to decide if he gets to live and get married, or get mauled by a tiger. The princess will choose the tiger.…
Anthropology is the study of humanity, nature and society in all places and throughout time. When anthropologists study far off exotic cultures, different people may hold different attitudes. One may criticize on a backward culture, and others may judge on it fairly. Like the authors of “Body Ritual Among the Nacirema” and “Voodoo in Haiti”, they hold quite different attitudes and views to these exotic cultures.…
“Body Rituals among the Nacirema” is an article written by Horace Miner about a group of people, the Nacirema, and their everyday functions or rituals. Miner relates the culture, practices, values, and beliefs of a seemingly exotic and strange tribe. He vividly and descriptively describes behaviors and activities that are interpreted as unusual and strange. The tribe Miner depicts seems primal and uncivilized, and yet somewhat familiar. They are a “North American group living in the territory between the Canadian Creel the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles” (Miner). This area is the United States of America and upon recognizing the location, the reader starts to become cognizant of the presence of an ulterior message. Miner’s depiction draws us in but shortly, we realize he is referring to American society; read backwards, Nacirema spells ‘American.’ Instead of describing a far-away and exotic tribe, as the reader first expects, the article describes very ‘normal’ aspects of American life, such as dental hygiene and medicine. The use of language like “mouth-rite,” “holy-mouth-men,” and “medicine men” frames these aspects in a very abnormal way. Miner does an exceptional job of disguising the American culture as ‘Nacirema.’ Once unveiling this disguise, many references can easily be seen and the article is interpreted in a whole new way; for example, the “cleansing shrine” as the washroom, “magical potions” as medicine, and “latipso” as hospital.…
Female desire in Le Fanu’s short story is understood as demonstrating the confined gender roles at the time. In the short story Carmilla represented vampirism and female desire through the way she seduced her female victims, both ideas were portrayed as threatening to society. The adaptation’s version of Carmilla demonstrates how the theme of female desire represents more accepting social values and attitudes in modern society. The web series promotes and embraces independent women and female desire, whereas the short story seeks to suppress it through the death of…
The author’s purpose in writing this article was not to show the “Nacirema” as an example of how extreme human behavior can become, but how an outside perspective can affect your perception of an alien culture. If one were to look at the “Nacirema’s” cultural behaviors regarding physical appearance and health without any insight or knowledge of the specific beliefs or values of that culture, they might seem bizarre and even incomprehensible. By showing behaviors and “rituals” performed by this unknown tribe, Miner allowed others to see that the way studies were representing distinctive cultures was narrowminded and defective. Without the proper comprehension of the basis of any society, huge cultural misunderstandings could occur. Of course, in Miner’s article, the “Nacirema” refers to the American people, but in discussing ‘them’ as an exotic or unfamiliar people you are forced to forgo any ethnocentric notions of American society and try to understand their customs and rituals from an etic perspective. It’s an interesting and intriguing way to show a cultural analysis of a “primitive” people and provide a biased outlook on a different culture.…
Shaki, or Napoleon A. Chagnon’s 15 month enculturation with the Yanomamo tribe, Bisaasi-teri is characterized by fear, discomfort, loneliness, nosiness, and invaluable experiences through relationships and modesty about human culture. Chagnon documents the experience through the struggle and discovery surrounding his proposed research, as his lifestyle gradually comes in sync with the natural functions of his community. Much of his focus and time was consumed by identification of genealogical records, and the establishment of informants and methods of trustworthy divulgence. Marriage, sex, and often resulting violence are the foremost driving forces within Yanomamo, and everything that we consider part of daily routine is completely unknown and inconsequential to them. Traveling between neighboring tribes, he draws conclusions about intertribal relations, especially concerning marriage and raiding. Chagnon deals with cultural complexity that takes time to decipher, and in process, potential risk. Confronted with seemingly trivial situations, they often become unexpected phenomena and Chagnon’s adherence to documentation is amazing. He encounters personal epiphanies that I find intriguing, related to privacy and hygiene. This report becomes an inspiring document of an extreme anthropologic lifestyle as much as it is a cultural essay.…
Miner presents the Nacirema as a group living in the territory between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. The paper describes the typical Western ideal for oral cleanliness, as well as providing an outside view on hospital-care and on psychiatry.…
Richard Lee’s piece, “Eating Christmas in the Kalahari,” describes his experience living with the !Kung Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert in south central Africa, but it does more than just reiterate a three year stint with a native African tribe. It also serves as documentation of another instance of how different societies of people distinguish themselves from one another with certain customs and differences in how they conduct themselves socially.…
At first glance, it might seem that culturally-advanced and deep-thinking Americans have relatively little in common with the comparatively narcissistic, shallow, and primitive Nacirema, who carve out an existence somewhere between "the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carab and the Awawak of the Antilles" ("Body Ritual among the Nacirema, p. 1). Who could even think to compare Americans, in our advanced state, with such a remote and isolated group? However, upon closer reflection, however, it occurred, much to the present author's surprise, that the Nacirema and Americans are in fact mirror images of one another.…
In 1956 a professor from the University of Michigan, Horace Miner, wrote an article in The American Anthropologist that has become a mainstay of learning for anthropology students. Miner published the article to show a fictional exotic society called “Body Ritual among the Nacirema” as an example of how one’s own limited perspective might affect the perception of a foreign culture (Miner, 1956, p. 503). The article uses subtle humor to make the reader more comfortable in examining cultural behaviors, physical appearance, and health as the reader soon discovers that the actual society being examined is the American society. To the reader, the article begins to sound very familiar after each paragraph is examined against the reader’s everyday rituals and habits that occur in many American households. Miner personalizes the examination by relating to the reader through the routine care of the human body by discussing such topics as the number of bathrooms in a house, dentistry, hospitals, prescription medicine, childbirth, breastfeeding, and psychiatry (Miner, 1956, p. 506). As Miner writes, the American reader who may not be initially insightful could look at the cultural behaviors as odd and ridiculous; however, when the ritualistic behaviors are part of an unknown group of people, the reader can begin to see the cultural distinctions without feeling threatened or biased. The approach allows a reader to learn in a nonthreatening atmosphere by studying “them” as a cultural tribe so as to put aside any narrow-minded notion that might prohibit an effective ‘outside-looking-in’ reflective experience (Miner, 1956, p. 506).…
Horace Miner expresses both irony and ridicule towards the American culture in his article “Body Ritual among the Nacirema”. He uses a sociological approach that is rather witty, using a fictitious North American group called the “Nacirema”. The views of this culture are much like our own, depicting the importance of societal status, wealth, health and appearance.…
This study examines Horace Miner’s essay “Body Rituals Among the Nacirema. While using the participant observation approach, he gives us a new perspective on the daily behaviors within this group of people. Exploring ethnocentrism and how we view cultures outside of our own.…
While many people may consider female and male circumcision as a mutilation, it is important to identify the distinction between the two. One of the most compelling reasons for the distinction between the two, is that some of the more extreme forms of female circumcision have very serious short-term and long-term health consequences; consequences that don't arise for males who are circumcised. In this paper, the distinction between female and male circumcision will be discussed. I will be referring to two stories that demonstrate the differences between the two cultural practices; “The Initiation of The Maasai Warrior.” and “The Tragedy of Female Circumcision.”…
Insman, Gary (1996) (2nd edition revised). Sexual colonization of the Indigenous People. In the regulation of Desire (pp.92-97). London: Black Rose Books.…