Preview

Revisiting Peace Research in the 21st Century: Reflections on an Interdisciplinary Field with a Mission

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
5071 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Revisiting Peace Research in the 21st Century: Reflections on an Interdisciplinary Field with a Mission
REVISITING PEACE RESEARCH IN THE 21ST CENTURY: REFLECTIONS ON AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD WITH A MISSION

Harry Targ
Professor, Department of Political Science
Coordinator, Committee on Peace Studies
Purdue University

Plenary 1: “War, Peace, and Peace Studies”
Radical Philosophy Association, Ninth Biennial Conference
University of Oregon, November 11-14, 2010

Personal Reflections

As I grow older I ground more and more of my teaching and writing in the context of my own professional history. I studied journalism and political science in college in the late 1950s and earned a masters degree in political science in 1962. After short stints in the military and working for the social security administration, I decided to pursue a Ph.D in political science. Lacking a political vision much beyond liberalism and devoid of any practical political work, I thought being a professor would make a nice career.

As most of you remember or have read about, the mid-1960s was a time of ferment. Brave young people, from the South and the North, launched a heroic campaign to end Jim Crow segregation in the South. From the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in August, 1964 authorizing President Johnson to escalate war in Southeast Asia, to the daily bombings over Vietnam (Operation Rolling Thunder) in 1965 to 540,000 troops in South Vietnam by 1968, struggles over the war in Vietnam and foreign policy in general enveloped the society. The 60s was a time also when the last vestiges of colonialism were being dismantled. Only Portuguese Africa resisted change as did white minority regimes in the former Rhodesia and South Africa. In the Western Hemisphere, the Cuban revolution represented the hope of humankind for the construction of a better world.

It was an exciting time to be alive, to become politicized, and to initiate a teaching and research career. I was drawn to the study of international relations and United States foreign



References: Carr, E.H. The Twenty Years’ Crisis: 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations, Harper and Row, 1964. Carroll, Berenice, “Peace Research: The Cult of Power,” The Journal of Conflict Resolution, No. 4, December, 1972, 585-617. Deutsch, Karl. W, the analysis of International Relations, Prentice-Hall, 1968. Dougherty, James and Robert Pfaltzgraff, Contending Theories of International Relations, Lippincott, 1971. Fisher, Roger, William Ury, and Bruce Patton, “Getting to Yes,” in David Barash ed. Approaches to Peace, oxford Press, 2010, 71-78. Galtung, Johan, “A Structural Theory of Imperialism,” Journal of Peace Research, No. 2, 1971, 81-119. Gilman, Nils, Mandarins of the Future: Modernization Theory in Cold War America, Johns Hopkins, 2003. Kaplan, Morton, “The New Great Debate: Traditionalism vs. Science in International Relations,” World Politics, October, 1966. Kennan, George, American Diplomacy, 1900-1950, Mentor, 1957. Lynd, Robert, Knowledge for What? Princeton University Press, 1970. Mitrany, David, A Working Peace System, Quadrangle, 1966. Morgenthau, Hans, Politics Among Nations, Knopf, 1960. Niebuhr, Reinhold, Moral Man and Immoral Society: A Study of Ethics and Politics, Scribners, 1947. Osgood, Charles, “Disarmament Demands GRIT,” in David Barash ed. Approaches to Peace, Oxford, 2010, 78-83. Richardson, Lewis, Statistics of Deadly Quarrels, Quadrangle, 1960. Rummel Rudolph, “The Relationship Between National Attributes and Foreign Conflict Behavior,” in J.David Singer ed., Quantitative International Politics: Insights and Evidence, Free Press, 1968. Singer, J.David and Melvin Small, The Wages of War 1816-1965, A Statistical Handbook, John Wiley, 1972. Sorokin, Pitirim, Social and Cultural Dynamics, Porter Sargent, 1957. Targ, Harry R., International Relations in a World of Imperialism and Class Struggle, Schenkman, 1983. Targ, Harry R., “Social Science and a New Social Order,” Journal of Peace Research, No. 3, 1971. Wright, Quincy, A Study of War, University of Chicago, 1942.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    Barash, David P. Ed. 2000. Approaches to peace: a reader in peace studies. New York : Oxford…

    • 9995 Words
    • 40 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Primary Analysis

    • 891 Words
    • 4 Pages

    [ 3 ]. Duiker, William .and Spielvogel, Jackson. The Essential World History. Sixth Edition. (United States 2011), 346…

    • 891 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Roosevelt and Isolationism

    • 5742 Words
    • 23 Pages

    Schulzinger, Robert D. American Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.…

    • 5742 Words
    • 23 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    A lot of effort has been devoted to analyzing the protracted bloody wars of the 20th Century when mass killings were “perpetrated by and against a wide range of nations, cultures, forms of government, ethnic and religious groups” (Mingst and Snyder 2008, 368) with brazen zeal to wipe out entire races for power and control. For most disposed people of the world – the ‘bottom billion’ as Collier refers to them, unchecked power takes away the freedom of the other and replaces it with terror and the primitive fear of being controlled. It is estimated that during the 20th Century alone, between 60 million to 150 million people have died in episodes of mass killings while international and civil wars accounts for about 34 million deaths (Mingst and Snyder 2008, 368).…

    • 556 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    William E. Borah

    • 7031 Words
    • 29 Pages

    Walter Lafeber, The American Age, U.S Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad, W.W. Norton and Company, New York, 1989, p.324…

    • 7031 Words
    • 29 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Military Culture

    • 2021 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Lederach, J.P. (1995). Preparing for peace: Conflict transformation across cultures. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.…

    • 2021 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The Peloponnesian War

    • 2407 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Kegan, Donald. On the Origin of War and the Preservation of Peace. New York: Doubleday, 1995.…

    • 2407 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    [ 50 ]. Alistair Horne, “A Savage War of Peace”, New York: Viking, 1978, p. 111.…

    • 8127 Words
    • 33 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Waltz, Kenneth N“The emerging structure of International Politics,”International Security, Vol 18, No 2 (November 1993)…

    • 2181 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Croucher, Rowland (2003) – A Christian approach to War and Peace. (Internet) Unknown Publication. Available From: http://jmm.aaa.net.au/articles/4821.htm…

    • 4029 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Best Essays

    The development of the democratic peace theory started with the writings of has its roots in the writings of German Philosopher Immanuel Kant. In 1795 Kant went talked about “perpetual peace based partially upon states sharing ‘republican constitutions.’” He then said, “that a republican form of government, exemplifying the rule of law, provides a feasible basis for states to overcome structural anarchy and to secure peaceful relations among themselves.” Kant continues to argue that “once the aggressive interests of absolute monarchists are tamed and once the habit of respect for individual rights is engrained by republican governments, wars would appear as the disaster to people’s warfare,” rather than an instrument for growing a state, as it was used for many centuries. This was the true beginning of what we now know to be the Democratic Peace Theory. This theory remained dormant in the minds of realists and neo-realists that strongly influenced the field of international relations for centuries leading into the Cold War. In 1972, American sociologist Dean Babst published an article in which he reported “no wars have been fought between independent nations with elective governments between 1789 and 1941.” This enlightened the worlds of political science and international relations and ever since studies have followed this theory, constantly supporting it and positive relationships between democracies. Expanding on Kant’s original idea of democratic peace, political science professor Bruce Russett a very hot topic, exclaiming, “democracies had rarely if ever gone to war with each other” as a fact. With this simple statement, Russett made political scientists either accept or oppose the democratic peace theory and countless attempts to support each point of view with historical evidence.…

    • 3147 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Best Essays

    Realism vs. Liberalism

    • 1419 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Snow, D. (2008) Cases in International Relations. Portraits of the Future. (3rd) United States: Pearson…

    • 1419 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    War arises because of the changing relations of numerous variables--technological, psychic, social, and intellectual. There is no single cause of war. Peace is an equilibrium among many forces. Change in any particular force, trend, movement, or policy may at one time make for war, but under other conditions a similar change may make for peace. A state may at one time promote peace by armament, at another time by disarmament, at one time by insistence on its rights, at another time by a spirit conciliation. To estimate the probability of war at any time involves, therefore, an appraisal of the effect of current changes upon the complex of intergroup relationships throughout the world. (Wright, 1965: 1284)…

    • 2732 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Roland Paris, “International Peacebuilding and the ‘Mission Civilatrice,’” Review of International Studies 28, 4 (October 2002), pp. 637-656.…

    • 2620 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    3. Webel, Charles P., & Barash, David P. (2009). Peace and Conflict Studies. (2nd ed.). California: SAGE Publications, Inc.…

    • 1154 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays