robbery incidence rate
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Crime is as old as mankind itself. Since the biblical crime back in the days of Cain, societies have emerged, laws have been created, and prohibitions have been declared but violations of forbiddances have continued. Crime has been with us from the very beginning; it has never ceased to disturb men’s living together (Schafer, 1996).
Crime has negative impacts in many ways. Its costs and effects touch everyone to some degree. The types of costs and effects are widely varied. In addition, some costs are short-term while others are long-term. Of course the ultimate cost is loss of life. Other costs to victims can include medical costs, property losses, and loss of income.
Losses to both victims and non-victims can also come in the form of increased security expenses including stronger locks, extra lighting, parking in more expensive secure lots, security alarms for homes and cars, and maintaining guard dogs. Considerable money is spent to avoid being victimized. Other types of expenses can include a victim to move to a new neighborhood, funeral expenses, legal fees, and loss of school days.
Some costs of crime are less tangible (not easily or precisely identified). These kinds of costs can include pain and suffering, and a lower quality of life. There are also the traumatic impacts on friends and the disruption of family. Behavior can be forever changed and shaped by crime, whether it is weighing the risks of going to certain places or even the fear of making new friends.
Moreover, crime also affects economic productivity when victims miss work, but communities also are affected through loss of tourism and retail sales. Even the so-called victimless crimes of prostitution, drug abuse, and gambling have major social consequences. Drug abuse affects worker productivity, uses public funds for drug treatment programs and medical attention, and leads to criminal activity to support the expenses of a drug habit
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Crime is as old as mankind itself. Since the biblical crime back in the days of Cain, societies have emerged, laws have been created, and prohibitions have been declared but violations of forbiddances have continued. Crime has been with us from the very beginning; it has never ceased to disturb men’s living together (Schafer, 1996).
Crime has negative impacts in many ways. Its costs and effects touch everyone to some degree. The types of costs and effects are widely varied. In addition, some costs are short-term while others are long-term. Of course the ultimate cost is loss of life. Other costs to victims can include medical costs, property losses, and loss of income.
Losses to both victims and non-victims can also come in the form of increased security expenses including stronger locks, extra lighting, parking in more expensive secure lots, security alarms for homes and cars, and maintaining guard dogs. Considerable money is spent to avoid being victimized. Other types of expenses can include a victim to move to a new neighborhood, funeral expenses, legal fees, and loss of school days.
Some costs of crime are less tangible (not easily or precisely identified). These kinds of costs can include pain and suffering, and a lower quality of life. There are also the traumatic impacts on friends and the disruption of family. Behavior can be forever changed and shaped by crime, whether it is weighing the risks of going to certain places or even the fear of making new friends.
Moreover, crime also affects economic productivity when victims miss work, but communities also are affected through loss of tourism and retail sales. Even the so-called victimless crimes of prostitution, drug abuse, and gambling have major social consequences. Drug abuse affects worker productivity, uses public funds for drug treatment programs and medical attention, and leads to criminal activity to support the expenses of a drug habit