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Robot Dynamics and Control

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Robot Dynamics and Control
Robot Dynamics and Control
Second Edition
Mark W. Spong, Seth Hutchinson, and M. Vidyasagar

January 28, 2004

2

Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Robotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 History of Robotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Components and Structure of Robots . . . 1.3.1 Symbolic Representation of Robots . 1.3.2 Degrees of Freedom and Workspace 1.3.3 Classification of Robots . . . . . . . 1.3.4 Common Kinematic Arrangements . 1.3.5 Robotic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.6 Accuracy and Repeatability . . . . 1.3.7 Wrists and End-Effectors . . . . . . 1.4 Outline of the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 5 8 8 9 10 11 15 16 18 20 29 29 31 32 34 36 40 40 40 42 44 45 45 47 48 51

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2 RIGID MOTIONS AND HOMOGENEOUS TRANSFORMATIONS 2.1 Representing Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Representing Rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Rotation in the plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Rotations in three dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Rotational Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Composition of Rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 Rotation with respect to the current coordinate frame . . . . . . . 2.4.2 Rotation with respect to a fixed frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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