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Role of women in politics in Pakistan

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Role of women in politics in Pakistan
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Role of Women in Pakistani Politics
1) Introduction
All countries have a political culture that consists of commonly held values about the nation, state, regime and more. Political scientists rarely include attitudes toward current leaders or issues in a country’s culture. In many ways, a country’s culture is a reflection of the impact of its history has on popular values today. Thus, Indians’ strong attachment to the caste system and the antagonism between Hindus and Muslims both have to be traced back hundreds of years to the way their social structures evolved before and after the arrival of the Mughals a thousand years ago.
The importance of women 's political participation and mobilization for a viable Democratic Polity is being increasingly realized in all corners of the world. Women constitute 48% of the Pakistan’s population that is not being utilized in the national development due to their low skill, less education and less empowerment in the realm of politics. Any democratic system cannot run successfully with just half of the population and other half is marginalized. The traditional norms regarding women 's activities as noted by different theorists have been carried generation to generation unquestioningly. The general assumption is that the political activities belong to the "Public Sphere" and women by nature belong to the "Private Sphere" and "Politics" is something 'alien ' to their nature.
2) Detailed Content
Before partition some of the Muslim women were active in social sphere and they led the movement of social reformism. The efforts of Begum Shah Nawaz were indeed worth mentioning. She was an active member in many organizations including the All India Women’s Conference (This organization was formed in 1926. Margaret Cousins, who was also a founding member of the Women’s Indian



References: Charles Hauss, Comparative Politics: Domestic Responses to Global Challenges, 9th Edition Adriana Craciun, (2002) CAPWIP, 2000. Cynthia Nelson and Shahnaz Rouse, (2000). Situating Globalization: Views from Egypt, Bielefeld, Transcript Verlag. Farzana Bari, (2009). Role and Performance Assessment of Pakistani Women Parliamentarians 2002-07, Pattan, Islamabad. Gail Omvedt, (Oct. 29 - Nov. 4, 2005). Women in Governance in South Asia. Economic And Political Weekly, 40(44/45), 4746-4752. Jane Stein, (1997). Empowerment and Women’s Health: Theory, Methods and Practice, Zed Books, London. Karl W.Deutsch, (1961). Social Mobilization and Political Development. The American Political Science Review, 55(3), 493-514. Lucian W.Pye, (1958). The Non-Western Political Process, the Journal of Politics, 20(3), 471. R.Ray and A.C.Korteweg, (1999). Women’s Movement in the Third World: Identity, Mobilization and Autonomy, Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 47-71. Sabeeha Hafiz, (1981). The Metropolitan Women in Pakistan: Studies, Royal Book Company, Karachi. Saira Bano, (2009). Women in Parliament in Pakistan: Problems and Potential Solutions, Women’s Studies Journal, 23(1), 19-35. Shahnaz Rosue, (2006). Gender, Nation, State in Pakistan: Shifting Body Politics, Vanguard Books, Lahore. Sultana Samar, (2008). The Role of Women in Social and Political Development of Pakistan 1896-1995, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Karachi. The Express Tribune, February 15, 2011. The Nation, October 22, 2011.

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