RRL: Child Labor
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. FOREIGN
International Labor Organization's Standards on Child Labored Applicable Perspective in Vietnam
According to Giao and Alfresson (2005) child labor refers to state of children who intentionally or unintentionally involved in employment or work which are harmful to their physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development; or engaged in work at too early age, which deprives their childhood, opportunities and time necessary for education, recreation and entertainment.
Awareness and identification of child labor are basically based on negative effect of employment or work on child workers. Generally, the comparison between acceptable and unacceptable work for children is suitable to define whether child labor exists or not.
Despite of its existence for long in all societies, until the 1980s, child labor was just broadly drawn attention from the international community. To date, child labor is considered as not only social/internal but also human rights/international problem. Hence, it calls for prompt reaction from both national and international levels.
Child Domestic Worker Survey in Phnom Penh - Cambodia
According to International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labor, 2003, in Cambodia, children are still regarded as very much under the control and guidance of their parents. The concept that children have "independent rights" is an unfamiliar one. For economic and even social reasons, or not having a true understanding of the CDW situation, society and even many parents of children in domestic labor "accept" exploitative circumstances or even child servitude. Often employers of child domestic workers are seen as looking after them and providing them with food and shelter. That child domestic workers toil behind closed doors in the private domains of citizens, adds to the dificulty of understanding the situation, or addressing it.
A Report of the UNICEF Child Domestic Workers' Study in South
A. FOREIGN
International Labor Organization's Standards on Child Labored Applicable Perspective in Vietnam
According to Giao and Alfresson (2005) child labor refers to state of children who intentionally or unintentionally involved in employment or work which are harmful to their physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development; or engaged in work at too early age, which deprives their childhood, opportunities and time necessary for education, recreation and entertainment.
Awareness and identification of child labor are basically based on negative effect of employment or work on child workers. Generally, the comparison between acceptable and unacceptable work for children is suitable to define whether child labor exists or not.
Despite of its existence for long in all societies, until the 1980s, child labor was just broadly drawn attention from the international community. To date, child labor is considered as not only social/internal but also human rights/international problem. Hence, it calls for prompt reaction from both national and international levels.
Child Domestic Worker Survey in Phnom Penh - Cambodia
According to International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labor, 2003, in Cambodia, children are still regarded as very much under the control and guidance of their parents. The concept that children have "independent rights" is an unfamiliar one. For economic and even social reasons, or not having a true understanding of the CDW situation, society and even many parents of children in domestic labor "accept" exploitative circumstances or even child servitude. Often employers of child domestic workers are seen as looking after them and providing them with food and shelter. That child domestic workers toil behind closed doors in the private domains of citizens, adds to the dificulty of understanding the situation, or addressing it.
A Report of the UNICEF Child Domestic Workers' Study in South