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Part 1:

According to the graph, females’ pulse rate increases higher than males’ while exercising. This means that females use more energy while exercising therefore needing more oxygen throughout their body. Although this is true, after exercising, women (on average) take less time to recover to their resting heart rate than men do. They also have a lower average resting heart rate. My data is below average. This is most likely because I am in shape and do a lot of exercising so my body has adapted to my physical needs.

Part 2:

Every mammal, including humans, has an automated response system for diving in cold water. The three things that your body initiates when entering the cold water are: heart rate slows, blood flow to extremities constricted, and blood and water are allowed to pass through organs and circulatory walls to chest cavity. Scientists believe that this is an adaptation humans have formed to survive under cold water. This dive reflex kicks in only during special circumstances to protect your body. Scientists believe this was an adaptation that evolved from our earliest ancestors. The argument is that hundreds of thousands of years ago our ancestors came in contact with these conditions more frequently than we do today so we therefore have evolved from the environmental obstacle. On the other hand, some scientists refute this idea. Some say that the dive reflex was not an adaptation. It is found in all mammals, not just humans, making it impossible to just be a human evolutionary mechanism. Along with this general concept, scientists also believe that this is just a normal response to the cold that any person would have.

http://breatheology.com/services/articles/freediving/the-mammalian-diving-reflex

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_diving_reflex

http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/winter-2012/the-mammalian-diving-reflex#.UXh307_0hm0