Salvia Officinalis Research Paper
3.6.5.4.1.Description:
Salvia also is known as common sage or garden sage is a genus belonging to the family Lamiaceae have about 900 species. amongst those species, Salvia officinalis has been extensively used as a medicinal plant in treating many diseases (Zupko et al., 2001: (Wichtl, 2004).
Salvia officinalis is small rounded shrub with a height of two feet and a width of two feet. The flowers are violet-blue, pink or white up to 1 3/8 inches lengthy, small, tube-like clustered together in whorls alongside the stem tops. The leaves are wooly white, textured, elongated ovals 1-2½ inches. The drier the climate, the grayer the leaf color. Blooms might also to June (Kamatou et al., 2008).
3.6.5.4.2. Chemical composition:
Figure (d): Chemical structure of active components of Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis is one of the essential herbs with a savoury and slightly peppery flavor. Essential oil of sage contains cineole, borneol, and thujone. Sage leaf contains tannic acid, oleic acid, ursonic acid, ursolic acid, niacin, nicotinamide, flavones, flavonoid glycosides, cornsole, cornsolic acid, fumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and estrogenic substances (Akhondzadeh et al., 2003).
3.6.5.4.3. The health benefit: Autism:
Hamidpour et al.,(2014) For a long time, sage (Salvia) species …show more content…
have been used in traditional medicine for the relief of pain, protecting the body against oxidative stress, free radical damages, angiogenesis, inflammation, bacterial and virus infection, etc., Several studies suggest that sage species can be considered for drug development because of their reported pharmacology and therapeutic activities in many countries of Asia and Middle East, especially China and India. These studies suggest that Salvia species, in addition to treating minor common illnesses, might potentially provide novel natural treatments for the relief or cure of many serious and life-threatening diseases such as depression, dementia, obesity, diabetes, lupus, heart disease, and cancer. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects of sage (Saliva)
3.6.5.4.3.1. Anti-diabetes:
(Lima et al, (2006) : Ghorbani et al., (2013)) suggested that Salvia officinalis may be useful as a food supplement in type 2 diabetes mellitus by lowering the plasma glucose and normalized lipid profile of individuals at risk.
Moreover,( Lachenmeier and Walch (2011): Kianbakht and Dabaghian (2013 ) reported that the use of (Salvia officinalis L) or (Artemisia absinthium L) , for the treatment of diabetes mellitus found that cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly adjusted to normal levels when compared to diabetic, untreated rats and it is safe and have anti-hyperglycemic and lipid profile improving effects in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients.
3.6.5.4.3.2. Anti-cancer:
In the identification of the cytotoxicity of the essential oil from sage on the squamous human cell carcinoma cell line of the oral cavity (UMSCC1) was assessed with the XTT assay found that for the first time the ability of Salvia officinalis essential oil to inhibit human HNSCC cell growth. The therapeutic potential of sage essential oil might exceed that of its common use in otorhinolaryngology (Sertel et al., 2011).
3.6.5.4.3.3. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects:
(Qnais et al., 2010) found that the sage leaf aqueous and butanol extracts have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, confirming the traditional use of this plant for pain alleviation.
3.6.5.4.3.4. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities: in the assessment of antioxidant and microbial activities of Salvia officinalis L.
oils found that the oils isolated for 2 and 3 h were stronger free radical scavengers, at the same time as with the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) way, the highest antioxidant values had been acquired in the oils isolated for 30 min, 2 and 3 h. hydroxyl radical scavenging and lipoxygenase activity assays showed the satisfactory outcomes with oils isolated for 1 and 3 h. with the deoxyribose way, sage oils at concentrations <1000 mg L(-1) confirmed higher interest than mannitol. The important oil of S. Officinalis proved very weak antimicrobial hobby (Miguel et al.,
2011).
3.6.5.4.3.5. Anti-hyperlipidemic: the impact of sage in the scientific trial discovered that the extract lowered the blood levels of overall cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL, however improved the blood HDL ranges without any significant consequences at the blood levels of SGOT, SGPT and creatinine in comparison with the placebo group at the endpoint. (Kianbakht et al., 2011).
3.6.5.4.3.6.Alzheimer:
Obulesu and Rao, (2011) found that the extracts of a few plants of different origin like Ginkgo Biloba and Salvia officinalis and other can lessen the signs and symptoms of AD (Alzheimer’s disease).
3.6.5.4.3.7. Menopause symptoms:
Bommer et al., (2011) discovered that a fresh sage preparation demonstrated clinical value in the treatment of hot flushes and related to menopausal signs and symptoms.
Salvia also is known as common sage or garden sage is a genus belonging to the family Lamiaceae have about 900 species. amongst those species, Salvia officinalis has been extensively used as a medicinal plant in treating many diseases (Zupko et al., 2001: (Wichtl, 2004).
Salvia officinalis is small rounded shrub with a height of two feet and a width of two feet. The flowers are violet-blue, pink or white up to 1 3/8 inches lengthy, small, tube-like clustered together in whorls alongside the stem tops. The leaves are wooly white, textured, elongated ovals 1-2½ inches. The drier the climate, the grayer the leaf color. Blooms might also to June (Kamatou et al., 2008).
3.6.5.4.2. Chemical composition:
Figure (d): Chemical structure of active components of Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis is one of the essential herbs with a savoury and slightly peppery flavor. Essential oil of sage contains cineole, borneol, and thujone. Sage leaf contains tannic acid, oleic acid, ursonic acid, ursolic acid, niacin, nicotinamide, flavones, flavonoid glycosides, cornsole, cornsolic acid, fumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and estrogenic substances (Akhondzadeh et al., 2003).
3.6.5.4.3. The health benefit: Autism:
Hamidpour et al.,(2014) For a long time, sage (Salvia) species …show more content…
have been used in traditional medicine for the relief of pain, protecting the body against oxidative stress, free radical damages, angiogenesis, inflammation, bacterial and virus infection, etc., Several studies suggest that sage species can be considered for drug development because of their reported pharmacology and therapeutic activities in many countries of Asia and Middle East, especially China and India. These studies suggest that Salvia species, in addition to treating minor common illnesses, might potentially provide novel natural treatments for the relief or cure of many serious and life-threatening diseases such as depression, dementia, obesity, diabetes, lupus, heart disease, and cancer. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects of sage (Saliva)
3.6.5.4.3.1. Anti-diabetes:
(Lima et al, (2006) : Ghorbani et al., (2013)) suggested that Salvia officinalis may be useful as a food supplement in type 2 diabetes mellitus by lowering the plasma glucose and normalized lipid profile of individuals at risk.
Moreover,( Lachenmeier and Walch (2011): Kianbakht and Dabaghian (2013 ) reported that the use of (Salvia officinalis L) or (Artemisia absinthium L) , for the treatment of diabetes mellitus found that cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly adjusted to normal levels when compared to diabetic, untreated rats and it is safe and have anti-hyperglycemic and lipid profile improving effects in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients.
3.6.5.4.3.2. Anti-cancer:
In the identification of the cytotoxicity of the essential oil from sage on the squamous human cell carcinoma cell line of the oral cavity (UMSCC1) was assessed with the XTT assay found that for the first time the ability of Salvia officinalis essential oil to inhibit human HNSCC cell growth. The therapeutic potential of sage essential oil might exceed that of its common use in otorhinolaryngology (Sertel et al., 2011).
3.6.5.4.3.3. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects:
(Qnais et al., 2010) found that the sage leaf aqueous and butanol extracts have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, confirming the traditional use of this plant for pain alleviation.
3.6.5.4.3.4. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities: in the assessment of antioxidant and microbial activities of Salvia officinalis L.
oils found that the oils isolated for 2 and 3 h were stronger free radical scavengers, at the same time as with the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) way, the highest antioxidant values had been acquired in the oils isolated for 30 min, 2 and 3 h. hydroxyl radical scavenging and lipoxygenase activity assays showed the satisfactory outcomes with oils isolated for 1 and 3 h. with the deoxyribose way, sage oils at concentrations <1000 mg L(-1) confirmed higher interest than mannitol. The important oil of S. Officinalis proved very weak antimicrobial hobby (Miguel et al.,
2011).
3.6.5.4.3.5. Anti-hyperlipidemic: the impact of sage in the scientific trial discovered that the extract lowered the blood levels of overall cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL, however improved the blood HDL ranges without any significant consequences at the blood levels of SGOT, SGPT and creatinine in comparison with the placebo group at the endpoint. (Kianbakht et al., 2011).
3.6.5.4.3.6.Alzheimer:
Obulesu and Rao, (2011) found that the extracts of a few plants of different origin like Ginkgo Biloba and Salvia officinalis and other can lessen the signs and symptoms of AD (Alzheimer’s disease).
3.6.5.4.3.7. Menopause symptoms:
Bommer et al., (2011) discovered that a fresh sage preparation demonstrated clinical value in the treatment of hot flushes and related to menopausal signs and symptoms.